tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-84935569207070837582024-03-14T20:13:41.277+08:00Avon Napoleonic FellowshipThe Avon Napoleonic Fellowship (ANF), a small wargames group located in the Avon Valley, about 100 km ENE of Perth Western Australia. The focus of our group, as our name implies, is historical figure-based games in the Napoleonic period, but we do play wargames in other historical periods.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger303125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-5848757530009449992020-08-02T10:31:00.004+08:002020-08-02T14:18:14.967+08:00Great Wargaming Survey<div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><font size="5">It is on again! </font>Karwansaray publishers are running the seventh edition of their <a href="https://karwansaraypublishers.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=38e2b55d8983edaf8e36af41e&id=3ea54c281b&e=25168eb555">Great Wargaming Survey</a>, </font><font size="3"><font size="3">under the banner of Wargames, Soldiers & Strategy magazine.</font></font></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><font size="3"><br /></font></font></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"></font></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcTcgCu3TaZ3YXQtwAsgUHFz1IuY-iwlvN8DX90mRPicKDpxN4CCl-zeCM-B6RwFDmS-mHZD7TXD-6KuDIEwWvdl9OSlc582Cjo-5z5wvdY1BPirYITDHOuobmdW-gR8VCDD4MJj7OrwwC/s600/GreatWargamingSurvey.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="600" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcTcgCu3TaZ3YXQtwAsgUHFz1IuY-iwlvN8DX90mRPicKDpxN4CCl-zeCM-B6RwFDmS-mHZD7TXD-6KuDIEwWvdl9OSlc582Cjo-5z5wvdY1BPirYITDHOuobmdW-gR8VCDD4MJj7OrwwC/s0/GreatWargamingSurvey.png" /></a></div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";">Many, perhaps most, readers of this blog may well have</span> completed the questionnaire in previous years—I found out about it in 2017, so have been a data point in the past three.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";">There are questions about how much you spend on wargaming-related purchases, preferred eras, scale of miniatures, size of games, aspects of the hobby that you most enjoy, how often you wargame, sources of inspiration, plus a bit of demographic info. so that responses can be categorised by the country in which you live, your age and gender. All responses are anonymous.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">This year features a heap of 'thank yous' for people who complete the questionnaire. </font></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">Everyone receives a 20% discount coupon with Karwansaray plus free access to a pdf of an article from each of nine issues of Wargames, Soldiers & Strategy ("Aspern-Essling in 6mm", "Brécourt Manor 1944", "My kingdom for a horse", "Storage Wars", "Fair Play", "Ptolemies vs Seleucids", "Fury!", "Getting back in the saddle", "Putting theory into practice"). </font></span></span></font></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><br /></font></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">There is also the chance to win one of a number of prizes "thanks to our gracious
sponsors":</font></span></span></div><div><br /></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">One set of Baccus rules</font></span></font></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">One box set and one starter set from Battlefront Miniatures</font></span></font></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">One plastic box set from Gripping Beast</font></span></font></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">Two sets of Osprey Wargames rules </font></span></font></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">Two books from Pen & Sword</font></span></font></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">A 10mm starter army from Pendraken Miniatures</font></span></font></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">Two GBP30 vouchers from Sarissa Precision</font></span></font></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">One full bundle of Infamy, Infamy, or Chain of Command, or Sharp Practice 2 from TooFatLardies</font></span></font></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">Two plastic box sets from Wargames Atlantic</font></span></font></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">One plastic box set and one starter set from Warlord Games</font></span></font></span></span><br /><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">Three one-year subscriptions to a Karwansaray Publishers magazine</font></span></font></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><br /></font></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";">This year's questionnaire includes a series of questions that are linked to further study by psychologist Dr Robert Körner and colleagues who recently had a paper entitled 'Who commands the little soldiers?' published in the Journal of Individual Differences. Sadly, this paper is not freely available, but here is the abstract:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "arial";">The popularity of miniature wargames (MWGs) has recently been on the rise. We aimed to identify the personality characteristics of people who play MWGs. Whereas the popular media have suspected that fantasy role-playing and war-related games cause antisocial behavior, past research on tabletop role-playing has shown that gamers are creative and empathetic individuals. Previous studies have investigated pen-and-paper tabletop games, which require imagination and cooperation between players. Tabletop MWGs are somewhat different because players compete against each other, and there is a strong focus on war-related actions. Thus, people have voiced the suspicion that players of this type of game may be rather aggressive. In the present study, 250 male MWG players completed questionnaires on the Big Five, authoritarianism, risk-orientation, and motives as well as an intelligence test. The same measures were administered to non- gamers, tabletop role-playing gamers, and first-person shooter gamers. Results indicated that according to self-reports, MWG players are more open, more extraverted, and have a higher need for affiliation than non-gamers. Further, high scores on reasoning and low scores on authoritarianism were typical of MWG players, and MWG players were similar to other gamers on these characteristics. All in all, our findings show that despite their penchant for (re)-enacting war scenes, MWG players seem to be open, nonauthoritarian individuals. Future research may add to these findings by using observer reports and longitudinal research to better understand whether intelligent and nontraditional people are attracted to MWGs or whether the setting of MWGs supports the development of such traits.</span></div><div style="margin-left: 40px;"><span style="font-family: "arial";"></span></div><div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"> The following note is included on the page of the Great Wargaming Survey featuring these questions:</span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div><div style="margin-left: 40px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "arial";">"Any responses will be supplied to him strictly anonymized. If you are uncomfortable answering any of these questions, please skip to the next page."</span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";">It was fun to answer these questions and to know that the data will be part of a specific study, though a shame that the original paper was not 'open access'. Perhaps </span><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3">Karwansaray could feature </font></span>a layman's version that will be available to all?</span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="2">[Having
now read the paper, the responses from the Great Wargaming Survey
should add greatly to this study. The original featured respondents from
Germany and those classified in the 'miniature wargames group'
nominated Warhammer 40,000 (31.2%), Freebooters Fate (16.8%), Star Wars
X-Wing (6.8%), Bolt Action (6.0%), Warmachine & Hordes (4.8%), and
Infinity (4.0%) as games of choice. It will be interesting to see a
comparison of these results with responses from other countries and
players of historical wargames.]</font></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: "arial";">The 2020 edition of the </span><span style="font-family: "arial";"><span style="font-family: "arial";">Great Wargaming Survey</span></span> is open until the end of August. </font></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: "arial";">Results from previous years of the Great Wargaming Survey are available <a href="https://www.karwansaraypublishers.com/wss_gws/">publicly on Karwansaray's website</a>.<br /></span></div></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-603246754003966122020-07-21T10:42:00.002+08:002020-07-21T10:42:32.815+08:00No Te Deum this time: Prince Eugene vs Marshall Vendôme at Luzzara<span style="text-align: justify;">The evening of 15 August, 1702, Prince Eugene struck at the encamped French army, intending to surprise them and inflict a decisive defeat, sufficient to end the Italian campaign in one stroke. Historically, the battle was indecisive, although French casualties were twice those of the Imperial forces. What would our refight bring?</span><br />
<span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
<span style="text-align: justify;">Here, the historical battle, the Prince in the foreground, Luzzara in the background.</span><br />
<br />
<img alt="The Battle of Luzzara, 1702" src="https://www.rct.uk/sites/default/files/styles/rctr-scale-1300-500/public/collection-online/1/2/445874-1392045170.jpg?itok=mRo3Vati" /><br />
<br />
From Nafziger, it is possible to derive the Imperial army list, but unfortunately, that of their opponents has been lost to history.<br />
<br />
<img alt="" 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" 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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Here, the historical deployment:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRSU4BDSbgLQESS9M66cY6AWQN9UBDilyTx7oub1uGtK2jISMra6n1cLH7WQZzr0MnNgzBubDDSFzSHIWpNJcYm4B-qTXL3eA5JBMoPNI1j0j2QBXhMzyCOiCiBoyU8mQCtlsm-e0Jl3k/s1600/depl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="252" height="509" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRSU4BDSbgLQESS9M66cY6AWQN9UBDilyTx7oub1uGtK2jISMra6n1cLH7WQZzr0MnNgzBubDDSFzSHIWpNJcYm4B-qTXL3eA5JBMoPNI1j0j2QBXhMzyCOiCiBoyU8mQCtlsm-e0Jl3k/s640/depl.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">Generally we are reluctant to adjust dice rolls in the Zimmermann rules we use for 18thC battles, but as all the historical sources agree that the Imperial forces enjoyed better provisioning and higher morale, we allowed a +1 for the Imperial unit starting morale. Starting morale is of course often dwarfed by the results of encounters, but it was at least a gesture to history.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">And here, our battle - my favourite historical period, and therefore a delight for me to see - about to commence. To the right, the small town of Luzzara, with Marshal Vendôme ensconced in the tower, protected by a reserve battalion, with two lines of infantry with 'before them many ditches, and fences made with trees'. Massed cavalry to their left, and in the distance, to their right also, with in addition a number of infantry battalions. On the left, the Imperial army about to cross the difficult terrain between the canal and the town, in <span style="background-color: white;">two lines, the left under Visconti and the </span></span>Prince of Commercy, the right under Vaudémont,<span style="background-color: white; font-family: inherit;">with Prince Eugene in command in the centre.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJzWat7VhJsv4r1Z15WdVijXGeKnQITaJhiUdmoO0n0Ki-Xmq700rEbJq_IfcvCyg8SCdMvv1yMm_wrFOjNq5krt_UnveCc_7HcgnZNtIE_VZ4gjmud2ZlHEKDkzilHCpGPY7KM7bR8cM/s1600/L1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="537" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJzWat7VhJsv4r1Z15WdVijXGeKnQITaJhiUdmoO0n0Ki-Xmq700rEbJq_IfcvCyg8SCdMvv1yMm_wrFOjNq5krt_UnveCc_7HcgnZNtIE_VZ4gjmud2ZlHEKDkzilHCpGPY7KM7bR8cM/s640/L1.jpg" width="473" /></a></div>
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As Vendôme my plan was to be a little more aggressive than he was historically; I pinned my hopes on a combined arms attack on my own right flank, hoping only to hold my left and to blunt the Imperial attack in the centre with what I hoped would be a simply devastating - but rather bold - concentration of my entire artillery right at the tip of the spear, the most advanced part of the French position. </div>
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Nothing very exceptional, by the end of Move One, except that the French artillery were already telling heavily on the exposed Imperial lines making their way slowly across the dense terrain.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-2I9o4Hkm-Qy3BiMyAMQfD9qEm85DJIWU4V9PhtHrU9_qhlEtf9DgkG4URO7G9_NVceAQGuANi3lQNnV-Le9TeSwIoG1XcGFm7s-jl4CYsCzxGPqlhLYdp2o4spna4NXRBkQfaVYMUd8/s1600/L1+end.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="955" height="473" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-2I9o4Hkm-Qy3BiMyAMQfD9qEm85DJIWU4V9PhtHrU9_qhlEtf9DgkG4URO7G9_NVceAQGuANi3lQNnV-Le9TeSwIoG1XcGFm7s-jl4CYsCzxGPqlhLYdp2o4spna4NXRBkQfaVYMUd8/s640/L1+end.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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And really not much more by the end of Move 2, as the cavalry on each flank prepared to engage.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR_eLVexnyA_NWnSCH1iMEc6HAawojMdKLCJ41U5n2hnQYo6ffqrF6B2Vh7r1KG46Z3Ir3VvdIfvOGXofAPFw_zN1V5WT5kelRoaO9Axh6fLrSpjELtJjhI3msO0EuAX1xltXzunP1jw4/s1600/L2+end.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="537" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR_eLVexnyA_NWnSCH1iMEc6HAawojMdKLCJ41U5n2hnQYo6ffqrF6B2Vh7r1KG46Z3Ir3VvdIfvOGXofAPFw_zN1V5WT5kelRoaO9Axh6fLrSpjELtJjhI3msO0EuAX1xltXzunP1jw4/s640/L2+end.jpg" width="474" /></a></div>
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Two hours had elapsed, and both sides would be forgiven for thinking that the battle that was about to be fought would be both long and indecisive.</div>
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By the end of Move 3, the cavalry clash on the left flank, though the French had won, seemed to have set them up for the loss of their entire flank. All three victorious units had lost heavily, and if they were defeated, there was a very real chance that their comrades behind them would not stay to continue the fight.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGQOkJONSnnNqLigsrZ1ulEvR6nzkL4JBvpPdgv_2xDELGElOkMm9SFZrAFdhP1o2XV4hvCHJ_q8SG4Qz1KSFnTvm_QFJq7pqIJZs8H1uN6B3opAaf_TFYf2N1VqVgfHUPBxehtI-05ik/s1600/3+end+looks+hopeless.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="955" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGQOkJONSnnNqLigsrZ1ulEvR6nzkL4JBvpPdgv_2xDELGElOkMm9SFZrAFdhP1o2XV4hvCHJ_q8SG4Qz1KSFnTvm_QFJq7pqIJZs8H1uN6B3opAaf_TFYf2N1VqVgfHUPBxehtI-05ik/s640/3+end+looks+hopeless.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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But notice the depletion in Imperial cavalry strength; and notice too the potentially exposed Imperial infantry to the left of Sereni's and Vaubonne's cavalry. The risk played both ways.</div>
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<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
In the centre, where you can pick out Albemarle's Irishmen - so good to see troops painted some forty years ago back on the table - awful artillery casualties had not been repaid either with accurate return fire on the French artillery or even some hand-to-hand fighting with the entrenched infantry. Imperial infantry battalions were beginning to melt, casualties were rising...</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZO6S9JhoJVGq8E3Rrl2F8pTb6GsKy3hOWXZYbAnJmnVtZip5rrQhPoRAjDcJnqOuBLkcKpOxD4-lPfaU0sVGC4ZnPrHeYZjjk_zl5B4eN6hplQdHH4SKa3nwMdY3x7goy4yJUoiwm9Fo/s1600/3+carnage+in+the+centre.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="955" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZO6S9JhoJVGq8E3Rrl2F8pTb6GsKy3hOWXZYbAnJmnVtZip5rrQhPoRAjDcJnqOuBLkcKpOxD4-lPfaU0sVGC4ZnPrHeYZjjk_zl5B4eN6hplQdHH4SKa3nwMdY3x7goy4yJUoiwm9Fo/s640/3+carnage+in+the+centre.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;">
...and the worst events of all were unfolding on the Imperial left, where despite the defeat of one French cavalry regiment, seen to the bottom right of the picture below, the Imperial forces had resolutely refused to desert their positions, and were now in a position to catch Visconti and Commercy in the midst of withering infantry fire as well as superior cavalry forces.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwOPFszyR0vHgy1ZBNnCXumNMcNs05H4FvFSnxx7lv4z-uxuFYttaqmdKPF6XkJq3nNL4xxMAyszKgD9ETNiMtfqfmw0Ti_o8uohfrw2teiPj5qkXyAHdDVuc3LwT94AS5d80M1tVh734/s1600/3+disaster+on+the+right.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="955" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwOPFszyR0vHgy1ZBNnCXumNMcNs05H4FvFSnxx7lv4z-uxuFYttaqmdKPF6XkJq3nNL4xxMAyszKgD9ETNiMtfqfmw0Ti_o8uohfrw2teiPj5qkXyAHdDVuc3LwT94AS5d80M1tVh734/s640/3+disaster+on+the+right.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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But far worse was to befall the Imperial army, on a day that Prince Eugene would undoubtedly have not commissioned a painting to celebrate. On his right flank, to my immense surprise, the three battered French cavalry regiments came through every time. The entire Imperial cavalry under Sereni and Vaubonne just melted away. Suddenly the ground was clear, and it left the Imperial infantry appallingly exposed.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5lHGgFGAY6o-WPKBvv0emF0Cx41DH0NMec8l90p2zySWB_KYBJKWfLrFqrynugT0Juf4_iMAIjTvVWMAgjdzOb-lz7DqnXl1EZbUwG7jktGzVFvONcwBGNbMAtu45XWoPM2x7SjpUuuU/s1600/suddenly+the+ground+was+clear.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="955" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5lHGgFGAY6o-WPKBvv0emF0Cx41DH0NMec8l90p2zySWB_KYBJKWfLrFqrynugT0Juf4_iMAIjTvVWMAgjdzOb-lz7DqnXl1EZbUwG7jktGzVFvONcwBGNbMAtu45XWoPM2x7SjpUuuU/s640/suddenly+the+ground+was+clear.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Matters were no better handled on the Imperial left, where although a regiment of French dragoons had been left very exposed, retreating troops forced a general withdrawal. We presumed the Prince de Commercy lost in the fray, as he very well might have been, and was after all, historically. Visconti's remaining cavalry showed an understandable reluctance to engage as a result. The key had been the resolute morale of the Imperial infantry, who could so easily have chosen to withdraw, but instead pressed on, obtaining at least one clear fire at relatively close range against milling Imperial horse.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfKqq6dy91JukFYQFVEYh4Dj8OhvQ9aOVeMGQAkumE_qDaA03J6hUVfjNrXEoeBvB_iyTUZzE3uaOg-bN1-JQ85RLfq64g1cS_NeKORTxf5eL29ibjFQ5BwjYKgM1rXMRndzLJDs4uj6Q/s1600/Plenty+of+infantry+to+cover+on+the+right.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="955" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfKqq6dy91JukFYQFVEYh4Dj8OhvQ9aOVeMGQAkumE_qDaA03J6hUVfjNrXEoeBvB_iyTUZzE3uaOg-bN1-JQ85RLfq64g1cS_NeKORTxf5eL29ibjFQ5BwjYKgM1rXMRndzLJDs4uj6Q/s640/Plenty+of+infantry+to+cover+on+the+right.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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And in the centre, the end of Move 4 saw only further Imperial casualties, with nothing to show for it. In the historical battle, Imperial forces did manage to close, and gave a good account of themselves. However, there is no record of the disposition of the French artillery. In our case, everything was concentrated in one place, as you see below.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSlRcKPUDrwhNPPQxr5WH4ggxYcbQQ7ygtCsYvBoNnnKuExqnvFCqkwTlMp59Fqu6IM9gf-7NirDdbzVQXkSdfLBb2W_ZIYLfWE7-9zOGyG8Ny0rM62cyLR5ml7qF1E4UD8UThSqdRAr0/s1600/Stuttering+at+the+wall.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><i><img border="0" data-original-height="716" data-original-width="955" height="474" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSlRcKPUDrwhNPPQxr5WH4ggxYcbQQ7ygtCsYvBoNnnKuExqnvFCqkwTlMp59Fqu6IM9gf-7NirDdbzVQXkSdfLBb2W_ZIYLfWE7-9zOGyG8Ny0rM62cyLR5ml7qF1E4UD8UThSqdRAr0/s640/Stuttering+at+the+wall.jpg" width="640" /></i></a></div>
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In a fashion most appropriate for a War of Spanish Succession battle, after all these losses, at this point Prince Eugene offered to parley, and it was agreed that he should concede the battle and withdraw. One might be tempted to criticise the rules, but I am more than willing to admit, the dice gods were in overdrive support of the French case on the day: roll after roll went my way, and I can claim credit only for relative boldness on the right flank, not my superlative luck in the centre and left. Nevertheless, as Marshal Vendôme I shall now complete the task of driving the Imperial army out of Italy altogether, and place the spoils of war at the feet of the Sun King himself. <i>Vive Le Roi! </i></div>
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<br /></div>
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Below, the historical report of the action by the London Gazette. It was 'a great victory', for which the Te Deum was sung in the Imperial camp. Imperial losses are described as only 795 killed, and 1,885 wounded, whilst French losses are estimated at a minimum 5,000. Whilst this may have been an exaggeration, in our refight, French casualties were extremely low - only 49 cavalry, which at the figure scale we had chosen, around 1:45, meant only around 2,200 casualties, with not a single infantry loss. Imperial losses, on the other hand, amounted to 122, of which half were infantry. That was approximately 5,490. A complete - more than complete - reversal of casualties compared to the historical action. </div>
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I am slightly at a loss to imagine how it would have reported ours. </div>
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References<br />
<br />
MilitaryWiki (2020) <i>Battle of Luzzara</i>. Available at: <a href="https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Luzzara">https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Luzzara</a> Retrieved 21 July 2020.<br />
<br />
Nafziger, G. <i>Imperial Forces: Battle of Luzzara</i>. Available at: <a href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/133832396/Nafziger-Collection-of-Orders-of-Battle-Index">https://www.scribd.com/doc/133832396/Nafziger-Collection-of-Orders-of-Battle-Index</a> Retrieved 21 July 2020.<br />
<br />
Zimmermann, R. (1975) <i>The Wargamer's Handbook</i>. 3rd edition. Sheyboygan, Z&M Publishing<br />
<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-84709202204727795852020-06-28T19:21:00.002+08:002020-06-28T21:05:37.006+08:00Whatever rows your boat - the Battle of Pylos (425BC) re-enacted<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18px;">Sometimes mistakes can turn out for the best, in wargaming as in real life. I ordered triremes by mistake - mine, not theirs - from the excellent Outpost Wargaming, a deliciously inexpensive and suitable way to create as large an ancient fleet as one could possibly want. Could I find a way to utilise a hundred or so triremes as a way to try out David Manley's ancient fleet naval rules? It turned out that I could: the battle of Pylos was ideal in size, and an exciting scenario into the bargain. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif;">At this battle, a Spartan force sent to relieve their men ended up being
trapped in the harbour - later to become even more famous for the Battle of
Navarino - and was defeated by Demosthenes' Athenians, fleeing out to sea and
leaving their men eventually to be ransomed, a key event in the history of the
Peleponnesian War. Could I recreate something like his victory? </span></span><br />
<span style="color: black; font-size: 13.5pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The geography of the battle was tricky, according to a nineteenth century summary of the principal account:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<blockquote class="tr_bq" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;"><i>Thucydides describes the harbour, of which the promontory Coryphasium formed the northern termination, as fronted and protected by the island Sphacteria, which stretched along the coast, leaving only two narrow entrances to the harbour, - the one at the northern end, opposite to Coryphasium, being only wide enough to admit two triremes abreast, and the other at the southern end wide enough for eight or nine triremes. The island was about 15 stadia in width, covered with wood, uninhabited and untrodden, (Thuc. iv. 8.) Pausanias also says that the island Sphacteria lies before the harbour of Pylus like Rheneia before the anchorage of Delos (v. 36. § 6)</i></span></blockquote>
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(William Smith, 1854).<br />
<br />
A map:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-6o38IDFtRHyLWDHBnhJ-LgA-LLB2TYrBopww1qzq5Ep38mNkY-Y-HfjZYG72pfxjsDiVj3orS49oLQFQKWQBPSeEKLZ37efRgOJfflohxMUwy3nX92n64ffq_WfhoZF3RiyP5crOxIdp/s1600/Pylos_1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="452" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-6o38IDFtRHyLWDHBnhJ-LgA-LLB2TYrBopww1qzq5Ep38mNkY-Y-HfjZYG72pfxjsDiVj3orS49oLQFQKWQBPSeEKLZ37efRgOJfflohxMUwy3nX92n64ffq_WfhoZF3RiyP5crOxIdp/s320/Pylos_1.png" width="289" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Here's what it looks like now, time having wrought some changes to the
harbour, essentially increasing it in size by creating a lagoon to the
North.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgto5VWP0TRg43go72o5-6Yf72OcxjpTo2GBy9Y_5mnppypTZXiLoImI2NY94xlzagSg_N-enQkACAGsrPXM0cQKv-5y_6cnTvzrzJ37vIqtiRFOi6EaySiMI3shOLusPhIz1xqaOyybYU7/s1600/Pylos_2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="704" data-original-width="939" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgto5VWP0TRg43go72o5-6Yf72OcxjpTo2GBy9Y_5mnppypTZXiLoImI2NY94xlzagSg_N-enQkACAGsrPXM0cQKv-5y_6cnTvzrzJ37vIqtiRFOi6EaySiMI3shOLusPhIz1xqaOyybYU7/s320/Pylos_2.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">I ended up rendering it like this - here, the Spartans are in the bay
awaiting their fate:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ7s5jqb70s4BfkDPEhr1RDmGP8pOIKSIjHVIBkOSmcLab2Jkki3qTOBhZemArU22l4TPYBaWAQbacstXky5MA7nvYC8k4iVYGYD2zUV3umzfarRTlrbg93euJNSFfq7S_yRsH9fIVF_1y/s1600/Pylos_3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="499" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ7s5jqb70s4BfkDPEhr1RDmGP8pOIKSIjHVIBkOSmcLab2Jkki3qTOBhZemArU22l4TPYBaWAQbacstXky5MA7nvYC8k4iVYGYD2zUV3umzfarRTlrbg93euJNSFfq7S_yRsH9fIVF_1y/s320/Pylos_3.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">A first for me: the ground scale for this battle (though not quite the
vertical) was the same as the ship scale, i.e. 1/3600. That really is the
approximate size of the harbour. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">And here, the Athenians approach:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp9j_4eEens_uXqkFIiVQqpefbd2HXp0UZ_wnSpcksJLMOi22pow3n9zsugO3_dgk-QJ1_uisTwT78-YHcSfw7_iwwJ9w_WwoEZPSPmmiFfkZ5GgHbv_-cNxAOiQjhevoYDO8RseTk7AqZ/s1600/Pylos_4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="499" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhp9j_4eEens_uXqkFIiVQqpefbd2HXp0UZ_wnSpcksJLMOi22pow3n9zsugO3_dgk-QJ1_uisTwT78-YHcSfw7_iwwJ9w_WwoEZPSPmmiFfkZ5GgHbv_-cNxAOiQjhevoYDO8RseTk7AqZ/s320/Pylos_4.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">They are 49 strong, in seven squadrons of seven ships, each, plus one
Admiral, facing a Spartan force of 43 in six squadrons, but of more varied
size, and their Admiral. Notice the narrow entrance to the harbour - and that's
the wide one to the South, shown in the photo above. Although there is some
debate about how wide the entrance actually was, there is general agreement
that the Northern entrance to the harbour is extremely narrow, possibly only
wide enough to allow a single ship through at a time. No place to be making an
entrance, though, was my view as Demosthenes.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">At this point, a brief digression on the rules. David Manley himself
says this in the introduction to the rules, 'Greek Fire and Roman Fury'.</span></div>
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<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 10pt;">'</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">One of the regular debates that my wargaming chums and I seem to have
is the one about “whose role are we taking when we play a wargame?” Are we
playing ship’s captains or fleet admirals? In general naval wargamers tend to
assume the role of admirals whilst demanding a level of detail more appropriate
to games set at the lower level. For most cases this is isn’t too much of a
problem as the numbers of ships tends to be relatively small, and there are
fleet level rules with appropriate levels of abstraction available for most
periods. However, the ancient period seems to one where all available rules
operate at the ship level. Obviously this makes battles such as Salamis, with
hundreds of ships involved, difficult to handle. I wanted a set of rules that
could be used to recreate these enormous battles whilst placing the players
truly in the roles of admirals and squadron commanders. At this level the fate
of individual ships is unimportant. Hence, “Greek Fire and Roman Fury” was
born.</span></i> </blockquote>
<blockquote class="tr_bq">
<i><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif;">The basis for these rules is a theory that the naval battles of
antiquity were fought in a similar style to land actions. Therefore, in these
rules, the respective fleets are represented by squadrons rather than
individual ships, which are manoeuvred around the “battlefield” in a similar
manner to armies. After a few false starts I decided to use “Fire and Fury” as
the basis for the system, hence the name I finally selected..'.</span></i></blockquote>
</div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">On this basis, you can be sure of what you are getting, and GFARF do not
disappoint. Squadrons are represented by a base with anywhere between two and
eight ships, commanders have qualities that affect their performance, ship data
are provided for a wide range of ancient types - we were both Aphract Triremes,
so no shooting on this occasions, just melee. Squadrons have a limited range of
formations - the Athenians were in the Diekplous - whilst morale and movement
are combined in a single table, as in F&F. Simple, straightforward rules
that will be well-suited to a major ancient fleet action once David has
finished his final tweaks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">As my ships passed the headland to their North, with Pylos to their
South on the other side of the entrance to the harbour, I felt quietly
confident:</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYzfhW6-UaSFchR6g_MJ0swya1allgtS4vXtDzGXsX3C7fLWz_dCgDTO19yKKLvDN5l3Gf2LvLmEGQh4BHoJ99PaWWAK1zdshtlWff2z5vfbMqEnX5N9unmF-KpGB-blao16O-o2sODWuU/s1600/Pylos_5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="375" data-original-width="499" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYzfhW6-UaSFchR6g_MJ0swya1allgtS4vXtDzGXsX3C7fLWz_dCgDTO19yKKLvDN5l3Gf2LvLmEGQh4BHoJ99PaWWAK1zdshtlWff2z5vfbMqEnX5N9unmF-KpGB-blao16O-o2sODWuU/s320/Pylos_5.png" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The Spartans did not lack courage: they came on immediately.. Out we
went into single line to face theirs:</span> <br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrj7Zm1GQEFPBxHcbioQnLa_4uoeqPFi9i9asj-0AdzR4cfLtB2zxbqQT-TvV21ZHJAV9GqtS7TDcNoSlmG9Jj9CIQhD9OqQkypwmIjyfjEA4v44ndWV91rqFI705pnpI9HMh-OmgHGlUD/s1600/Pylos_6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="375" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrj7Zm1GQEFPBxHcbioQnLa_4uoeqPFi9i9asj-0AdzR4cfLtB2zxbqQT-TvV21ZHJAV9GqtS7TDcNoSlmG9Jj9CIQhD9OqQkypwmIjyfjEA4v44ndWV91rqFI705pnpI9HMh-OmgHGlUD/s320/Pylos_6.png" width="240" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">And some tough melees ensued. At first it did seem that the larger
Athenian squadrons would have the advantage, despite the fact that a
significant proportion of my force was still trapped in the entrance,
undoubtedly the right thing for the Spartans to do:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">But as the fight began to break up into squadron actions, the numerical
advantage of the Athenians was not available to their best advantage. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">At the height of the battle, the forces were still struggling around the
harbour entrance, a quite different state of affairs than in history, where by
this time the Spartans had fled. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">The Athenian formation had not played to their advantage, and their
losses became heavy - two squadrons in a single move, in fact, and even a
couple of ships lost to collision. By the end of the battle, ten moves in
total, all their remaining ships could do was to decide to turn tail and flee,
leaving the harbour to the Spartans, no doubt a significant number of Athenian
prisoners from those who had escaped sinking ships and swum to shore, and most
importantly - no ransomed Spartan army. What misplaced confidence on my part!</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> </span> <br />
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">This was a most enjoyable and rewarding test action, which gave us
confidence that in due course we would not only be able to fight much larger
ancient naval actions, such as those of the Punic Wars, but would be able to
integrate naval actions and land actions into a campaign, should we
choose. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">References</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Kagan. D. (2003) <i>The Peloponnesian War.</i> London, Penguin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Outpost Wargaming 1/3600 galley range </span><a href="http://www.outpostwargameservices.co.uk/"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">http://www.outpostwargameservices.co.uk/</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Smith, W. (1854) <i>Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography</i>.
London, Walton & Maberly. </span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Available [extract] at at: </span><a href="https://www.gtp.gr/LocInfo.asp?infoid=49&code=EGRPME40NSTNST00061&PrimeCode=EGRPME40NSTNST00061&Level=10&PrimeLevel=10&IncludeWide=1&LocId=61633"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">https://www.gtp.gr/LocInfo.asp?infoid=49&code=EGRPME40NSTNST000</span></a><a href="https://www.gtp.gr/LocInfo.asp?infoid=49&code=EGRPME40NSTNST00061&PrimeCode=EGRPME40NSTNST00061&Level=10&PrimeLevel=10&IncludeWide=1&LocId=61633"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">61&PrimeCode=EGRPME40NSTNST00061&Level=10&PrimeLevel=10&IncludeWide=1&LocId=61633</span></a><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;"> Retrieved 1
June 2020. </span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 13.5pt;">Thucydides <i>History of the Peloponnesian War. </i>4:11-14.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com17tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-53684736410848283052020-06-07T15:43:00.004+08:002020-06-07T15:43:55.376+08:00Book review: Setting the East Ablaze<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">I follow numerous blogs.</span> They are a constant source of interest, stimulation and often lead me to topics of history about which I was not previously aware. So it was that a <a href="https://1808534.blogspot.com/2020/03/sunday-game-russian-civil-warback-of.html">post on Keith’s ‘Bydand’ blog</a> about a Russian Civil War game using ‘The Back of Beyond’ rules lead me to a search on the internet, to ’discover’ Hopkirk’s book and hence to borrow it through our local library.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9B37DPA2sWJhSKH3LHyWqv6bFOb7PFUd13R6LV7sK6H_zPgb4u-XSIEdWBpYwAd5iTGwdN_5kCd38bxYg2twXn5q-MePQ3wiuKTCkzVMdol-AUHR5_HE_bEX4sas1TSTAwueoFf5gfdwN/s1600/SettingEastAblaze_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9B37DPA2sWJhSKH3LHyWqv6bFOb7PFUd13R6LV7sK6H_zPgb4u-XSIEdWBpYwAd5iTGwdN_5kCd38bxYg2twXn5q-MePQ3wiuKTCkzVMdol-AUHR5_HE_bEX4sas1TSTAwueoFf5gfdwN/s320/SettingEastAblaze_1.jpg" width="240" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><br />This book, ostensibly, is about the Bolshevik’s attempts, under Lenin and then Stalin, to spread the Revolution to central and western Asia, particularly then British India. At one level it is a boys own adventure, “like a Buchan novel” as Hopkirk describes it; but it has a darker and more menacing edge. To me it is more akin to a Le Carré novel or an episode of Callan, except that, as is so often the case, fact is stranger (and far more harrowing) than fiction.<br /><br />Spanning 1918–1949 the book describes British clashes with Russia—spying, espionage as well as political manoeuvring and grand-standing. This began in the late 19th century with what was known as the Great Game, ceased when the two were allies in the First World War and then re-started under Bolshevist regime. Thus the concurrence of the Russian revolution with what were to be the last months of the First World War intersected with the struggle for empire. As I said previously though, there is far more to the book than this.<br /><br />The ‘more’ is that the book is really about nations and individuals using central-west Asia as their ‘playground’. The events described by Hopkirk occurred to the north and north-east of Afghanistan and northern India, along the silk road—modern day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Xinjiang and Mongolia. Where Bolsheviks, White Russians, English, Chinese, Japanese or assorted ‘exiles’ from these various camps, sought to dominate the region through espionage and manipulation, or simply by force of arms or terror, for their own interests and/or aggrandisement.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMnVqmvRXlYIgMrT2zVVcTJvr9OFMVAmQgrlugBl-H7ew5mRPZIdRc_OYbOsQyPRvFAVT-n9jgt9m1FXhVpUsO8CNb1iGEoK8-yB3j29-mNx8hIYJVHWMAXJ2M-t0JjlK4zcCFGGQBnZN-/s1600/SettingEastAblaze_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiMnVqmvRXlYIgMrT2zVVcTJvr9OFMVAmQgrlugBl-H7ew5mRPZIdRc_OYbOsQyPRvFAVT-n9jgt9m1FXhVpUsO8CNb1iGEoK8-yB3j29-mNx8hIYJVHWMAXJ2M-t0JjlK4zcCFGGQBnZN-/s320/SettingEastAblaze_2.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Events in the book take place around modern day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Xinjiang and Mongolia. Detailed maps help the reader to place the location of people and events.</span><br /><br />Amongst the individuals and actions that Hopkirk relates are the coup in Tashkent lead by former junior Czarist officer Osipov, the Bolshevik reprisals following its defeat, brutal actions by the White Russian army and Bolsheviks alike and, perhaps the worst of all, the activities of the ’bloody baron’, Baron Ungern-Sternberg.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAE_H6GAX6V-Fsd9SiSRbK2c0phr7Buq9VmSn7keUqsktdNIzC451P9Xfo1x5RuX2tgpWTEuvz2D_WlD4vEF3GXzMKC2jjg5mn9ljRwNk7ot8x0EyXagONBnqjMOnzq6xPAB6wEEC2M9Lm/s1600/SettingEastAblaze_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1090" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAE_H6GAX6V-Fsd9SiSRbK2c0phr7Buq9VmSn7keUqsktdNIzC451P9Xfo1x5RuX2tgpWTEuvz2D_WlD4vEF3GXzMKC2jjg5mn9ljRwNk7ot8x0EyXagONBnqjMOnzq6xPAB6wEEC2M9Lm/s320/SettingEastAblaze_3.jpg" width="218" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Sixteen pages of black and white plates show contemporary photographs of the key participants and some of the locations and actions described in the book.</span><br /> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The appalling actions of the baron make for particularly difficult reading. Even though Hopkirk spares us from too many details, the three days of excesses of his men, upon the capture of Urga (modern Ulan Bator), amongst other horrific actions, are described in sufficient detail to convince me that he was worse than most, if not all, of the most infamous, sadistic tyrants of history.<br /><br />Immersed in these events, Hopkirk describes the ‘adventures’ of Colonel Bailey and Paul Nazaroff (a White Russian leader in Tashkent) and Lt. Col. P.T. Etherton, British Consul-General at Kashgar. Here we are treated to amazing tales that outdo any ‘boys own’ annual as well as some truely humorous incidents.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Photographs of Colonel Bailey in some of his many guises.</span></span></span> </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For example, in the case of Colonel Bailey, when it became too dangerous to remain in Tashkent, we follow him through a series of narrow escapes in his various hiding places—examples of boldly hiding ‘in plain view’—escaping to the mountains of Kyrgyzstan, being walled in to a room to avoid a house-to-house search and even entering the Soviet secret service in the guise of an Albanian army clerk. Early on (in fact in October 1918, before he had left the city), the Cheka had assumed that Bailey had likely escaped or been eliminated by the Germans. “The evidence for the latter, it seems, rested on the fact that he had disappeared without his toothbrush. This, the Bolsheviks felt, no Englishman would ever do” (p. 59).<br /><br />Hopkirk’s book is engrossing from the first page, although it took me until around chapter four to weave the various threads of events and individuals together in my mind (as a complete newcomer to the period). It is a little-known part of the 20th century, but one can see how these events contributed to those that many of us lived through (vicariously for most) and gave it the now often-used epithet of the ‘violent century’. While much of the subject matter is gut-wrenching, the book is fascinating, at times entertaining and always enlightening.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Bibliography</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hopkirk P (1984) </span></span>Setting the east ablaze : Lenin's dream of an empire in Asia. John Murray, London.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Rating</b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-75230794961643816532020-05-24T17:22:00.001+08:002020-05-24T17:22:33.325+08:00A tiny test of Twilight: Fraustadt 1706<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">The ’Twilight of the Sun King’ rules</span> were first brought to my attention by a <a href="http://unmariussinonrien.blogspot.com/2020/02/twilight-of">review on the marvellous 'Un Marius Sinon Rien' blog</a>. Reading a further <a href="https://www.wargamer.com/reviews/review-twilight-of-the-sun-king-second-edition/">review on wargamer.com website</a> convinced me to purchase them. They arrived in April and I was immediately keen to give them a go. I threw some Great Northern War Saxons into the <a href="https://chauvinisticblog.blogspot.com/2020/04/laser-like-focus.html">ever-expanding group of figures that I am painting</a>. Having brought these, a few Russians and some additional Swedes to the stage of </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">‘good enough’ </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(base-coat completed, awaiting black-wash, addition of basing mix and then final highlights/details)</span></span></span>, my impatience could wait no longer; it was time for a test game. </span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Set-up for this first test game, the Battle of Fraustadt 1706 at brigade scale (a scenario provided in the rules).<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="font-size: xx-small;">This also gave me a chance to have a go with <a href="https://chauvinisticblog.blogspot.com/2020/05/fun-with-latex.html">my new latex rivers and roads</a>. The scale meant that 15 mm and N-gauge railway buildings were most appropriate.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Twilight of the Sun King, revised edition 2019</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The Rules</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The authors of Twilight of the Sun King are members of the Pike and Shot Society, so it is little wonder that th</span>e rules have a strong historical focus. That said, they are not complex; I consider them to be the definition of elegant simplicity. The rule book is 22 pages long</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, with a further three devoted to the introductory <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">scenario and a one-page 'advert.' for the Pike and Shot Society.<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> The rules could easily have been written on around four pages, I'd estimate. The longer presentation is due to them having been printed in a large font, with clear, large diagrams and the odd reproduction of a painting from the period—all most pleasing aspects. </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The
booklet is a simple, A4 production printed in black and white (apart
from the cover) and is not especially cheap (£12 plus postage).</span></span></span> It does not, though, suffer from the problem of gloss over substance that besets so many of those expensive, hard cover sets of rules that seem to be churned out all to regularly.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I was drawn to purchase the rules because they featured a truly novel system which sounded like it could work well (and was certainly worth a go to find out). They take the familiar 'I go you go' approach, but the similarity with other set of rules stops there. The turn sequence for each side comprises but three phases: opponent's bombardment, test morale of own troops (for effects of bombardment, firing, mêlée), move own troops. In each turn the attacker moves first followed by the defender.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">All movement and ranges are calculated in base widths, so the rules are completely scalable. Units can always move straight ahead, so there is none of this business of troops sitting around waiting for someone to tell them how to march. More 'elaborate' manoeuvres (including charging, formation changes, crossing terrain, entering difficult going, undertaking more than one move) require a</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> successful 'action test'. This is simply a roll of a D6 with anything but a 1 or 2 being a success. There is a negative one modifier to the die roll for the action test if the unit failed a morale test in the current turn (and/or is charging a platoon firing unit—for the Great Northern War this is limited to "probably Russians from 1710").</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There is no firing. WHAT?!!! </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">If you have read reviews of the rules you'll already know this 'shocking fact'. </span>Actually, it is not really correct. There is plenty of firing (as you'll see in the photos below), but it is not conducted in the familiar manner where a roll is made against factors and ranges to determine the casualties on the enemy unit(s) (or other mechanic being used). Rather, in </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Twilight of the Sun King being fired upon, involved in mêlée or infantry with cavalry in close proximity (1/2 base width) </span>are causes to test morale and any artillery fire, small arms fire, mêlée, terrain/defences, supports/flanking (as appropriate) are modifiers to the test.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Failing a morale test (modified score of two average dice below eight) results in a morale failure (four or below is a rout). Generally infantry will break on their third failed test, cavalry and artillery on their second. A unit classified as 'large' and/or 'determined' gets an extra morale failure before breaking, while one classed as 'wavering' gets one fewer (units classed as 'small' and those classed as 'raw' receive a negative one modifier in the test). There is no way to 'rally' troops or otherwise recover morale, but a commander may have an impact.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />The presence and proximity of commanders is important in Twilight of the Sun King to bolster morale (i.e. re-take a morale test if 'attached' to the unit—within a base width) and to encourage the troops to undertake some of those more elaborate manoeuvres mentioned above (i.e. re-roll an action test). In the former case a commander is a commander (provided that he may command the unit, is close enough and is not 'attached' elsewhere), while his quality is important for the latter (and for a brigade or army test if required).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I was pleased that the introductory scenario provided in the rules is for the Battle of Fraustadt, 2nd February 1706 (by the Julian calendar—one day later by the Swedish calendar of the time and eleven days later by the modern Gregorian calendar) as the</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Great
Northern War is one of the two conflicts in the
eighteenth century that interest me greatly—</span></span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">along with the French and Indian War, </span></span>not being particularly
'fussed' with the rest (apologies to the devotees out there).</span> The scenario in the rules allows for the game to be played at either the brigade or regimental scale. I decided to test the rules </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">initially</span> at the brigade scale, moving to a larger game if I liked them sufficiently. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I used the scenario largely as provided, but adjusted the order of battle, chiefly using the Great Northern War Compendium, to one that I considered more historically accurate.</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Twbi1fXsJv0-2cGkbaHau_X30Gqe6NyjRb8BTBqZLSgymBpPL0dpkvvknC6pw_EK-KnwXwYxOqu9HO6U0NnPCtulcslJ-UXsZG978c-Fa2zhW7B_xdOeZ8KF7AhCw2_uN3GWUhRYfWRE/s1600/TestingTwilight_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1229" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1Twbi1fXsJv0-2cGkbaHau_X30Gqe6NyjRb8BTBqZLSgymBpPL0dpkvvknC6pw_EK-KnwXwYxOqu9HO6U0NnPCtulcslJ-UXsZG978c-Fa2zhW7B_xdOeZ8KF7AhCw2_uN3GWUhRYfWRE/s320/TestingTwilight_3.jpg" width="245" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Volume one of the Great Northern War Compendium includes a chapter by Oskar Sjöstrom and Stephen Kling about the Battle of Fraustadt. I used this source, principally, to adjust the order of battle for the game.</span></span></span></span></span>
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<br /><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Playing
the game solo meant that I carried out turns as and when it suited,
playing two turns over two nights last week and then finishing the game on
the Friday. This was really helpful as it allowed me to proceed slowly and to double-check the rules between mini-sessions. </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span>
<b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Game</span></span></span></span></span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This has been a wordy post so far, by my standards, so let's proceed to the pictorial description of the game.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></span></span></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfSRG0z0XPAmCufOeFpUNORndjboERu3ETvs5E0TiuMJ8VBPLyRdwCCoo69n5zh8MLb9AajfjYh01VYeyT8UdikmKtGOHZ5P7jb4q5CqMA7fGWN5YtfTovcVIFulV-bM7lxQhL7A2KQ9Nc/s1600/TestingTwilight_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfSRG0z0XPAmCufOeFpUNORndjboERu3ETvs5E0TiuMJ8VBPLyRdwCCoo69n5zh8MLb9AajfjYh01VYeyT8UdikmKtGOHZ5P7jb4q5CqMA7fGWN5YtfTovcVIFulV-bM7lxQhL7A2KQ9Nc/s320/TestingTwilight_4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Table set-up, showing the map from the rules. The area is tiny, being 10 base widths x 15 base widths or 500 mm x 750 mm for my figures.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmuZ-540ARLKayCBoELPc0QJXxTURBLlKJqEWYbr86tnL8x8REx9W-NfDRd2ENXsDCzftfQpHzz8xAcj83poj_x0-EAtEN2hDnRsdi5Vj2orefl6Ik15FSKN4M2y3ldwivT2zWAjeQC-p/s1600/TestingTwilight_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="774" data-original-width="1600" height="154" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRmuZ-540ARLKayCBoELPc0QJXxTURBLlKJqEWYbr86tnL8x8REx9W-NfDRd2ENXsDCzftfQpHzz8xAcj83poj_x0-EAtEN2hDnRsdi5Vj2orefl6Ik15FSKN4M2y3ldwivT2zWAjeQC-p/s320/TestingTwilight_5.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The Russo-Saxon army had been lured by Rehnkshold from its strong defensive position on the heights near Schlawa when the latter had</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> moved his Swedish army away from their positions in a seeming headlong retreat. </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Schulenburg</span></span>, commanding the Russo-Saxons, advanced, then hastily formed a new, improvised and 'messed-up' defensive position north-east of Fraustadt when </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Rehnkshold turned to give battle.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiKjJzz6_dricgrwfEPcYgfMDh2lbM_a_Oez5jWiZwZNG4oKSFCqHSvDm03XkYJmXDP69bvjgS1VG-JcGdRghECY21nn6efCY5JZGuL4W6md53PBZ-7wZ0jllosm0hYFclN7CS7f5d1d3U/s1600/TestingTwilight_6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1600" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiKjJzz6_dricgrwfEPcYgfMDh2lbM_a_Oez5jWiZwZNG4oKSFCqHSvDm03XkYJmXDP69bvjgS1VG-JcGdRghECY21nn6efCY5JZGuL4W6md53PBZ-7wZ0jllosm0hYFclN7CS7f5d1d3U/s320/TestingTwilight_6.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">View from the Saxon side of the table. Note the far inferior Swedish force, odds roughly 2:1 in the Saxon favour.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOTT7j4Madhp1v36xOieCDEy1618BbgiUIQ5EIr65IZCDNMsDiG1q4nKZ8IF-M-BNk6gHRI1e7eVvcLlPEyNqfegfeilWKcRqSBheyA9hk-UWCtDZbhiTEZweZeX9Dnyc3_u-hdJqQeVjB/s1600/TestingTwilight_7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1384" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOTT7j4Madhp1v36xOieCDEy1618BbgiUIQ5EIr65IZCDNMsDiG1q4nKZ8IF-M-BNk6gHRI1e7eVvcLlPEyNqfegfeilWKcRqSBheyA9hk-UWCtDZbhiTEZweZeX9Dnyc3_u-hdJqQeVjB/s320/TestingTwilight_7.jpg" width="276" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">A map from Sjöstrom and Kling's chapter in the </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Great Northern War Compendium. I began the game by copying these moves (as far as possible, allowing for the scale).</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">As per history, the Saxon guns opened fire on the advancing Swedes (bombardment range in the rules).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFxnDLH4VhzGvJMSyKv-Hb1g6Kzpssgfv7bqbtSkbtJhG8K9RCFskjhna3sDAGD0K_5hnrUjnTJ8BRzPlyz-DFHmibcQYPCVXa97cMTro5dPEAEuZTlnFsxV-mcinw6c3b6hY60_oc6d0O/s1600/TestingTwilight_9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFxnDLH4VhzGvJMSyKv-Hb1g6Kzpssgfv7bqbtSkbtJhG8K9RCFskjhna3sDAGD0K_5hnrUjnTJ8BRzPlyz-DFHmibcQYPCVXa97cMTro5dPEAEuZTlnFsxV-mcinw6c3b6hY60_oc6d0O/s320/TestingTwilight_9.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">"From right to left, one cannon after another spewed its deadly content onto the field... however, aside from the battery at the right end of the line that managed to slow down a couple of Swedish battalions, the salvoes had had more or less no effect at all" (Sjöstrom and Kling 2016). We were going fairly well to script, the Södermanlands regiment at the right of the line failing the morale test (indicated by the black piece of straw).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Rehnkshold encouraged his centre forward towards the Saxon positon (successful action test for a second move).</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhUTdoUPucYqTmTaPZw-rp-bmdIlBUc1h-7MjWAQ8uefmAH29LZq_eF7YGKfS74PMM2qrQZ2SK_es7zD0DuTsaffvV-q8fdQL28Wrcp33kzLBssp36BfW-qs6G-8JvrNk_u2ZMBR6f3uhC/s1600/TestingTwilight_12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhUTdoUPucYqTmTaPZw-rp-bmdIlBUc1h-7MjWAQ8uefmAH29LZq_eF7YGKfS74PMM2qrQZ2SK_es7zD0DuTsaffvV-q8fdQL28Wrcp33kzLBssp36BfW-qs6G-8JvrNk_u2ZMBR6f3uhC/s320/TestingTwilight_12.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The Saxon cannons fired "... a third at short range and canister" </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">(Sjöstrom and Kling 2016).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Another morale failure for the </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Södermanlands.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjai66k_e5lDB0g-q4zDvTOGmkEu_A9L5J1TIFW2UFuZPF14sX7X5mMOl-5pE4T5zLa1B3vjcT0Dhx3HOE7UHHXihozy2zhpO5C8rsuQnun0dooCARTVaPkQRrILGtHewmSsTsz8XmmgNxe/s1600/TestingTwilight_13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1060" data-original-width="1600" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjai66k_e5lDB0g-q4zDvTOGmkEu_A9L5J1TIFW2UFuZPF14sX7X5mMOl-5pE4T5zLa1B3vjcT0Dhx3HOE7UHHXihozy2zhpO5C8rsuQnun0dooCARTVaPkQRrILGtHewmSsTsz8XmmgNxe/s320/TestingTwilight_13.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">GåPå! The Swedish infantry charged the fortifications.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI5xXskKo0ELvuoP19PyPH_heHQp0Hc3VLKNsy542tvtpuq0_WZdTG20IBQ96S5W4LSC__KpP9zcr-SHfoQnL_d7Iw05dQUEPOQOI0qams4m_OVtlz5JuOo4U4lPT9OpsEFku3ops8GC5a/s1600/TestingTwilight_14a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1022" data-original-width="1600" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjI5xXskKo0ELvuoP19PyPH_heHQp0Hc3VLKNsy542tvtpuq0_WZdTG20IBQ96S5W4LSC__KpP9zcr-SHfoQnL_d7Iw05dQUEPOQOI0qams4m_OVtlz5JuOo4U4lPT9OpsEFku3ops8GC5a/s320/TestingTwilight_14a.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">On the Swedish left, the Livdragonregementet moved to confront the Saxon cavalry.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1fWDGaTMR5oUEWFMMmQinjjUHpoZcON5fgPoirKs8bH7LsLuLZCm6rrPp5mp-kqJGLl2mTpykbws9-XjhekpnBMCoBn54itU5YZ1XoxnCp0uJIytvhyphenhyphenDtUfFKZRhjE4nq6Z3M5X6u9gwk/s1600/TestingTwilight_14b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1016" data-original-width="1600" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1fWDGaTMR5oUEWFMMmQinjjUHpoZcON5fgPoirKs8bH7LsLuLZCm6rrPp5mp-kqJGLl2mTpykbws9-XjhekpnBMCoBn54itU5YZ1XoxnCp0uJIytvhyphenhyphenDtUfFKZRhjE4nq6Z3M5X6u9gwk/s320/TestingTwilight_14b.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">On the Swedish left, in a break from history, the Saxon garde du corps and Goltz Dragoon Regiment attempted to advance through the marsh, only making it half-way (failed action test to exit). At this point, I realised that I had mucked up my left and right and so put two Saxon cavalry units on their right, instead of three, the reverse on their left. Ah well, that's what test games are for!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5NeF2xMIPbNAKldDSeAqY2DbpxlQJDUzKbhyphenhyphenwgc8rVcOuiCBVIw13srhB6Cb_QNva22KLtYKEdAfddWXEYm52-HDDsBTcGGa9bR5BBpXOpmbdXeyKOzY8tA49Swz7lo27cnJA_c8q1bD-/s1600/TestingTwilight_15a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="990" data-original-width="1600" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5NeF2xMIPbNAKldDSeAqY2DbpxlQJDUzKbhyphenhyphenwgc8rVcOuiCBVIw13srhB6Cb_QNva22KLtYKEdAfddWXEYm52-HDDsBTcGGa9bR5BBpXOpmbdXeyKOzY8tA49Swz7lo27cnJA_c8q1bD-/s320/TestingTwilight_15a.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The Saxon infantry opened fire on the attacking Swedes. (Note dear reader, that is more of that firing that does not exist in the rules!).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmbOaEi1-eRGRDKaWmRwtfKwL4mkaW_F40TfZdF3ndqeihODn4yhB7Y9c5T9mZTXlHwZVpVq74Es2ENwfCnOOcKFRkMQhKWMcovJ8M7wERVLreWvBog9Rub5FEIgRp1xc1C0P66nJr-uS2/s1600/TestingTwilight_15b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmbOaEi1-eRGRDKaWmRwtfKwL4mkaW_F40TfZdF3ndqeihODn4yhB7Y9c5T9mZTXlHwZVpVq74Es2ENwfCnOOcKFRkMQhKWMcovJ8M7wERVLreWvBog9Rub5FEIgRp1xc1C0P66nJr-uS2/s320/TestingTwilight_15b.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">This time the Västmanland </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">regemente</span> (Södermanlands in support) failed a morale test (above), but the Närke-Värmlands regemente, an élite unit with the Pommerska dragoons in support, passed (below).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKNw577AkQBEozVmrtDpOJh6ZUaEQmJg6oFFSNjFA1hjrRG7SYmPrR3-WzIffxYy1weyj1Rl_X1-HeLeCIaf_MUjQkEumiXjs8c2r8YJ0bVENEyjT9LaIU865b5OLdyXmpO42K02MGwC7M/s1600/TestingTwilight_15c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1150" data-original-width="1600" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKNw577AkQBEozVmrtDpOJh6ZUaEQmJg6oFFSNjFA1hjrRG7SYmPrR3-WzIffxYy1weyj1Rl_X1-HeLeCIaf_MUjQkEumiXjs8c2r8YJ0bVENEyjT9LaIU865b5OLdyXmpO42K02MGwC7M/s320/TestingTwilight_15c.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSe0wDer6EWaSpRBqX_PearB1mtD7ZwhEJcD0S3T7BswBg6bkmzIZ7QVF4DJsCu3dB4mrCoGepC0WxrIKnpl9-K0UvjFKB691izWMipMA8Wz88kHDfZs1jfs-ebgVUIFDFG09MjnYb3cLc/s1600/TestingTwilight_16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1108" data-original-width="1600" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSe0wDer6EWaSpRBqX_PearB1mtD7ZwhEJcD0S3T7BswBg6bkmzIZ7QVF4DJsCu3dB4mrCoGepC0WxrIKnpl9-K0UvjFKB691izWMipMA8Wz88kHDfZs1jfs-ebgVUIFDFG09MjnYb3cLc/s320/TestingTwilight_16.jpg" width="320" /> </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Breaking with history, the Saxon infantry behind the chevaux de frise, represented by the zig-zag fences here, continued to hold. The foot guards (right of photo) passed their morale test, forcing the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Västmanland </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">regemente</span></span> to withdraw 1/4 base-width. The Drost regiment failed a morale, but were still able to hold on and continue the mêlée with the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Närke-Värmlands. </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn-wjZuz6tW9w6qs3uH8-Jiz6mzt5BdnLfMUHok4hAbzKCdxwbv5MR61Mkpq__xS-8RwroUpELARnwCoL8q51tTzJuJQhNmxJQb4Jx6p0UuvfePgJQPTpZ6CkERKHYlPH0ZcFxNovrMQoG/s1600/TestingTwilight_17a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="934" data-original-width="1600" height="186" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn-wjZuz6tW9w6qs3uH8-Jiz6mzt5BdnLfMUHok4hAbzKCdxwbv5MR61Mkpq__xS-8RwroUpELARnwCoL8q51tTzJuJQhNmxJQb4Jx6p0UuvfePgJQPTpZ6CkERKHYlPH0ZcFxNovrMQoG/s320/TestingTwilight_17a.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Cavalry mêlées on the Swedish right (above) and left (below) flanks.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg98Hbznz1aUppn4ImG_KRLlRznqChLBMRG8diO4k0Mp-nw-lWdNCJ5k80CGL5-qnCBTqVk7aVcZVOxgoxljonqpPJHZ9_Gi5wnncw4SAyQRNvSP6oSb_PgxWlB0ImuFy3MlvAWTG9NZ0oh/s1600/TestingTwilight_17b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1071" data-original-width="1600" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg98Hbznz1aUppn4ImG_KRLlRznqChLBMRG8diO4k0Mp-nw-lWdNCJ5k80CGL5-qnCBTqVk7aVcZVOxgoxljonqpPJHZ9_Gi5wnncw4SAyQRNvSP6oSb_PgxWlB0ImuFy3MlvAWTG9NZ0oh/s320/TestingTwilight_17b.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjihIlk5xOcqXhRrTIJi6aG0qNgBrV6Zsn2Osz4VwWYhufIa70r_1gqGkV52mOKcoWQk9VDf5sZF_ZtKNZctyYZYQWamh_CAh53E5_-Bh9Gywl8-Wf8fJFowRttMpsKWxYxlGdDaUxzBAAD/s1600/TestingTwilight_18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1127" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjihIlk5xOcqXhRrTIJi6aG0qNgBrV6Zsn2Osz4VwWYhufIa70r_1gqGkV52mOKcoWQk9VDf5sZF_ZtKNZctyYZYQWamh_CAh53E5_-Bh9Gywl8-Wf8fJFowRttMpsKWxYxlGdDaUxzBAAD/s320/TestingTwilight_18.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Having pushed the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Västmanland regemente</span></span> back, the Saxons fired off another round of volley and artillery (intense enough to make the camera shake).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTtcECHmHeMVOg5EhCJDmWPTR4W8NHOa78ynC7jSGskPW7atlOYUbTwspZVvxQXtKpywJJvR2-YM84enmWyff2ErvAX1y0PvLJJyRAKsdRuH48jddDlFuBpuMSjpTbnozminv3ZIYiI5Zi/s1600/TestingTwilight_19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjTtcECHmHeMVOg5EhCJDmWPTR4W8NHOa78ynC7jSGskPW7atlOYUbTwspZVvxQXtKpywJJvR2-YM84enmWyff2ErvAX1y0PvLJJyRAKsdRuH48jddDlFuBpuMSjpTbnozminv3ZIYiI5Zi/s320/TestingTwilight_19.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">On the Swedish right, the élite Livdragonregementet had beaten back the Beust cuirassiers, who retreated behind their supports (Dünewald dragoon regiment) who then charged the Swedes.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp3sFlw1D1_YmmPZuMu8tZdWZHWfB1wMz74Notbd0ZEf0cEm1RZ6PC1YM641viqt2ww1nn-nSPKUr18mKQi0UmkCe5fkZVMGaif610d9T4_h4tiG8G19JO-vIe9m46C6bxeusdFCu4FKCM/s1600/TestingTwilight_20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgp3sFlw1D1_YmmPZuMu8tZdWZHWfB1wMz74Notbd0ZEf0cEm1RZ6PC1YM641viqt2ww1nn-nSPKUr18mKQi0UmkCe5fkZVMGaif610d9T4_h4tiG8G19JO-vIe9m46C6bxeusdFCu4FKCM/s320/TestingTwilight_20.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Not so good on the Swedish left, the Skanska Standsdragon regemente losing the mêlée (failed morale test) and, having no supports, retreated their full measure, caring not about the marsh. Keeping up the pressure, the Goltz dragoon regiment followed-up (below).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzJbO9dPkeQbuNFzhj1_0er9msJrYyHeKNvIfY3ZFqhWD82PL4WS-NADRSORnq8KFrCJ6-qq5p7p0Zrwuq4kCC47Xhjz191s3PetiMp0QhwdKlnPSBn6eNAb4tR_WGBunkGKxaQXe6NCMx/s1600/TestingTwilight_21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="922" data-original-width="1600" height="184" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzJbO9dPkeQbuNFzhj1_0er9msJrYyHeKNvIfY3ZFqhWD82PL4WS-NADRSORnq8KFrCJ6-qq5p7p0Zrwuq4kCC47Xhjz191s3PetiMp0QhwdKlnPSBn6eNAb4tR_WGBunkGKxaQXe6NCMx/s320/TestingTwilight_21.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvA-uttRx7nbYlOLS3dBPshTuCJ3KAR14S5iOvYXab2OqO6PekLlOF0hvps2Pw9fCB67P5NO-XlYXKnRAU8GLLjevH77Z4YEzDVzRiBSqmjoy-N5unhwftpNWdsTO0UOMLw8I1WceWwe9W/s1600/TestingTwilight_22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1130" data-original-width="1600" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvA-uttRx7nbYlOLS3dBPshTuCJ3KAR14S5iOvYXab2OqO6PekLlOF0hvps2Pw9fCB67P5NO-XlYXKnRAU8GLLjevH77Z4YEzDVzRiBSqmjoy-N5unhwftpNWdsTO0UOMLw8I1WceWwe9W/s320/TestingTwilight_22.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In the centre the Swedish infantry tried again and were blunted once more.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuxGTqWquZ2uxjr7RNQKfdnLIAex3hPtC1E-HCaG1k6yoGtXuGrTnx0z44LJ6xeE3zZ2VuD-f0CWl1Gug4456Hy_XKWqEgR80w8dT1S2MkPLgbK3xXo1rDDqMpNl05gQEKh71eI57W5L4D/s1600/TestingTwilight_23b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1078" data-original-width="1600" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuxGTqWquZ2uxjr7RNQKfdnLIAex3hPtC1E-HCaG1k6yoGtXuGrTnx0z44LJ6xeE3zZ2VuD-f0CWl1Gug4456Hy_XKWqEgR80w8dT1S2MkPLgbK3xXo1rDDqMpNl05gQEKh71eI57W5L4D/s320/TestingTwilight_23b.jpg" width="320" /> </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">More Saxon fire, a second morale loss for the Västmanland regemente (below). </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD1rWGJed_b98zm6uA694GzekjEbJomiIKk_9oAhxoszGbUN_sNKaPl_MHaYGRUQGcIpa1yMQoVtkZcU3z40aK0viq2H4zw43jeKOhRCS0PAKB2Mnd2bcxCt9eWcPzNZMQjgHt-BbwS_Pw/s1600/TestingTwilight_24b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD1rWGJed_b98zm6uA694GzekjEbJomiIKk_9oAhxoszGbUN_sNKaPl_MHaYGRUQGcIpa1yMQoVtkZcU3z40aK0viq2H4zw43jeKOhRCS0PAKB2Mnd2bcxCt9eWcPzNZMQjgHt-BbwS_Pw/s320/TestingTwilight_24b.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi99WSRCGJcXeLGjmwpiDyBjIUp95cYMAN9sgVM09n7UbHNIpVWfNeNUm9F49qVwh4bVJafYEO9q2dOhpXgNkXQ54-bIJwbiCOTevcFEOcJsvyq_xGrNuy_foaIpwbMsOvw4gS4GHEmWJgW/s1600/TestingTwilight_25.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi99WSRCGJcXeLGjmwpiDyBjIUp95cYMAN9sgVM09n7UbHNIpVWfNeNUm9F49qVwh4bVJafYEO9q2dOhpXgNkXQ54-bIJwbiCOTevcFEOcJsvyq_xGrNuy_foaIpwbMsOvw4gS4GHEmWJgW/s320/TestingTwilight_25.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Hope again for the elusive breakthrough, as the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Närke-Värmlands continue in </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">mêlée.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5B7oNiAYJTKM_DVhszgR1AFXR0lI2vcVMx_Hkq3khsqO4EcQiBrXhO3gY824XzRYy6DRsWL1qZs2pZZmhhzdxVXPnhFtpG1zFy6vdb-ceXQIGVx2UERZacMEbrB5wSNKVaxTN4KyOW1g-/s1600/TestingTwilight_26.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5B7oNiAYJTKM_DVhszgR1AFXR0lI2vcVMx_Hkq3khsqO4EcQiBrXhO3gY824XzRYy6DRsWL1qZs2pZZmhhzdxVXPnhFtpG1zFy6vdb-ceXQIGVx2UERZacMEbrB5wSNKVaxTN4KyOW1g-/s320/TestingTwilight_26.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">It was not Hummerhjelm's day. Two failed action tests made the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Skanska Standsdragon the </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Skanska stranded-dragoon.</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwVK8LQCZOHV8TfbvKPoK7Zw5-JpGNay4FHdM84o34O222YCerLaHbHWkYMX9bX3qTWLJ7NSLjkBP_LAJaUpU3_Ow0C59lHqzvGN_gOqIKH4vebkFtmmjD15sQPf15W39_5k9jUv-ZBO3t/s1600/TestingTwilight_29.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1002" data-original-width="1600" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwVK8LQCZOHV8TfbvKPoK7Zw5-JpGNay4FHdM84o34O222YCerLaHbHWkYMX9bX3qTWLJ7NSLjkBP_LAJaUpU3_Ow0C59lHqzvGN_gOqIKH4vebkFtmmjD15sQPf15W39_5k9jUv-ZBO3t/s320/TestingTwilight_29.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span> Not missing the opportunity of a charge in the rear, the </span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Goltz dragoon regiment finished them off.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYibR14gcBfunOI1CNeNghjgZwiiJiZpl7M3Al1aeUy9NOpyd1oB2rpKMWdUXarNvnIM9tFhY8r7v2Z7wCZ9m2Yrb4UslsAQwJDvOvT0SmQGUIgApmkHdoQoPfDTkQT0zTzLw-CklTe8t1/s1600/TestingTwilight_31.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1261" data-original-width="1600" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYibR14gcBfunOI1CNeNghjgZwiiJiZpl7M3Al1aeUy9NOpyd1oB2rpKMWdUXarNvnIM9tFhY8r7v2Z7wCZ9m2Yrb4UslsAQwJDvOvT0SmQGUIgApmkHdoQoPfDTkQT0zTzLw-CklTe8t1/s320/TestingTwilight_31.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUOb3N9XTl3bAoil0N6p0Zz3jGk3D6NCka_N_fPDbvLlQyqphmtwTwO51EeEH6te6f6tGkzl4yTopVSwfUWw-mp1rkMwhEMDUVuuC1tV8KZcm_my4WD2Hrob1KlR4LvAO9wHbOGB7UbPTc/s1600/TestingTwilight_27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1136" data-original-width="1600" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUOb3N9XTl3bAoil0N6p0Zz3jGk3D6NCka_N_fPDbvLlQyqphmtwTwO51EeEH6te6f6tGkzl4yTopVSwfUWw-mp1rkMwhEMDUVuuC1tV8KZcm_my4WD2Hrob1KlR4LvAO9wHbOGB7UbPTc/s320/TestingTwilight_27.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">As with the historical action, the von Krassow's brigade (represented here by the </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Livdragonregementet) were getting the better of their more numerous Saxon opponents, aided by the fact that the Saxon's poor deployment had them attacking piece-meal.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOvlrV7iiwn8sbVNE2hVgxnD3hMypcyEWD6ejpQNRjBjhl0tTIIPjOH3PLVHs3fbpJTRGtx-iDbMvsqHAXlIN910eysSz_VSUrK6xoB8Ft4IGSXRRU483g5-PQJYzPZRxavjrWc1dEDxJr/s1600/TestingTwilight_28.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOvlrV7iiwn8sbVNE2hVgxnD3hMypcyEWD6ejpQNRjBjhl0tTIIPjOH3PLVHs3fbpJTRGtx-iDbMvsqHAXlIN910eysSz_VSUrK6xoB8Ft4IGSXRRU483g5-PQJYzPZRxavjrWc1dEDxJr/s320/TestingTwilight_28.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Having forced the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Närke-Värmlands regemente back, Schulenburg ordered an exchange of the lines, replacing the Drost regiment with the Koningin. I really enjoyed mixing up the paint to make those Isabella facings and base colour for the flag </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">of the Koningin</span></span></span></span>.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_5AzaES1p7_8ZC18T5Zq69MGYAVuReeI5tIXDmi_TjcUzMuEeRCEDJzDDv3e3LAPeOvmgPF90cCFZNPP_H8NH5SYceJTWyBa96wcKErCaKXgNJT-bPlrXh9V88I0mzYT5ZXSH8M1tUONn/s1600/TestingTwilight_30b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_5AzaES1p7_8ZC18T5Zq69MGYAVuReeI5tIXDmi_TjcUzMuEeRCEDJzDDv3e3LAPeOvmgPF90cCFZNPP_H8NH5SYceJTWyBa96wcKErCaKXgNJT-bPlrXh9V88I0mzYT5ZXSH8M1tUONn/s320/TestingTwilight_30b.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">For the Queen! The Koningin immediately out-did their line comrades, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Närke-Värmlands failing a morale test (now represented by the little red 'pimple—utilising some silly little plastic covers from some pens that I bought, making more attractive markers).</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXhsh0A__uNaEHAKMdZLSrZWnST59mSejjVl99oEm2UynJ6cF9gSGwIxICRts-y5vibstjx9lVJLNsyFA2qcFVAA_gROhgmXVOn-D9bfxVN-ERYkgQBsmkZI8FbQGjYSbpzR_CDNubTbhY/s1600/TestingTwilight_32.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1165" data-original-width="1600" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXhsh0A__uNaEHAKMdZLSrZWnST59mSejjVl99oEm2UynJ6cF9gSGwIxICRts-y5vibstjx9lVJLNsyFA2qcFVAA_gROhgmXVOn-D9bfxVN-ERYkgQBsmkZI8FbQGjYSbpzR_CDNubTbhY/s320/TestingTwilight_32.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Having 'sat on his bum' for eight turns, and with the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Västmanland broken, </span>Rehnskold was finally spurred into action, sending cavalry left and right. Too little too late?</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7dXg3d7e1QytWm_bxyOTvG5gO0KDNy-A112aBBAzYi3ykJmbmNUvH9WWTgyssuLvch4k3VyVc6-t1ZA5i-J-Q4TfGCR8nDnftOWcDiWjnrvTRGWYGcfBqmzXqOmhjz2-oejfQPieHAxlh/s1600/TestingTwilight_33.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="814" data-original-width="1600" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7dXg3d7e1QytWm_bxyOTvG5gO0KDNy-A112aBBAzYi3ykJmbmNUvH9WWTgyssuLvch4k3VyVc6-t1ZA5i-J-Q4TfGCR8nDnftOWcDiWjnrvTRGWYGcfBqmzXqOmhjz2-oejfQPieHAxlh/s320/TestingTwilight_33.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Perhaps not, </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">von Krassow's </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Livdragonregementet broke the Beust cuirassiers (above), von Dunewald sending in the Wrangel dragoons supported by his own unit (below).</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4YW3sqPC-88V_GBGek2gpVwDc1xeWwxbOgF-GB6TpHT01b_OLZpP0AG4kkkOYad3jANDWX4A-Y1QYGSbiv3vdRmbMYsHexkuYlJ6QMxLJiYJw_M55Vd4czE_0jg6Gt90xdfvuZN9WEFEg/s1600/TestingTwilight_34.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="914" data-original-width="1600" height="182" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4YW3sqPC-88V_GBGek2gpVwDc1xeWwxbOgF-GB6TpHT01b_OLZpP0AG4kkkOYad3jANDWX4A-Y1QYGSbiv3vdRmbMYsHexkuYlJ6QMxLJiYJw_M55Vd4czE_0jg6Gt90xdfvuZN9WEFEg/s320/TestingTwilight_34.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL-uwIFzeGKO6O4DR73AtF-5SCRr88aQuagEdOcXU0m6uPSIXpOYqmrLtVcG9O5j1ILFEHHS07wzRL3nkMy5iESrW3pBuaXFvI_7Cw5-cHXwJnW8Ue2z5qm4v19twDKZgsTvSIseBrkbCq/s1600/TestingTwilight_35.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="893" data-original-width="1600" height="178" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjL-uwIFzeGKO6O4DR73AtF-5SCRr88aQuagEdOcXU0m6uPSIXpOYqmrLtVcG9O5j1ILFEHHS07wzRL3nkMy5iESrW3pBuaXFvI_7Cw5-cHXwJnW8Ue2z5qm4v19twDKZgsTvSIseBrkbCq/s320/TestingTwilight_35.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Now getting desperate and unlikely for the Swedes in the centre: a volley against the </span><br /><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Närke-Värmlands and artillery fire on the </span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Södermanlands (which did not agree with them, as you'll see later).</span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwkL96Q3WQksFjPvL-PISDcJeiYQ_8whoXoBLmuOi7FUDyrl7mgWkt-0uFuSC3osU5p5eUhgSI8SzPTUavAiSMbMv1taZArKeSMadl4OvZHxKgoC2VnVqOSIregxQpFxKXk3I6yE0k-MMf/s1600/TestingTwilight_36a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="805" data-original-width="1600" height="161" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwkL96Q3WQksFjPvL-PISDcJeiYQ_8whoXoBLmuOi7FUDyrl7mgWkt-0uFuSC3osU5p5eUhgSI8SzPTUavAiSMbMv1taZArKeSMadl4OvZHxKgoC2VnVqOSIregxQpFxKXk3I6yE0k-MMf/s320/TestingTwilight_36a.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The Pommerska charged the exposed left of the Russian line,...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMbjtUcF0dAkafHo6PHL_utajl52mUvDqk0ksFm98zpI0iWAq7Ikgz64W0sv5IIaleDPUIk24fBmrW86zr4nxDMt2S37cpRMQnY-TzeL3BtVD5HXzhS6ogmvxSylBvCalFTS3jhQhbFDcd/s1600/TestingTwilight_36b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="702" data-original-width="1600" height="140" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMbjtUcF0dAkafHo6PHL_utajl52mUvDqk0ksFm98zpI0iWAq7Ikgz64W0sv5IIaleDPUIk24fBmrW86zr4nxDMt2S37cpRMQnY-TzeL3BtVD5HXzhS6ogmvxSylBvCalFTS3jhQhbFDcd/s320/TestingTwilight_36b.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">... breaking the raw unit, while the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Livdragonregementet continued on their winning way.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgex0m8OZmHd0ZpvLgLRZdhgX-ew625Mp7hHgo465E3xHNYzPE6JxeNTmn13dyngObLrhNglddHJ7D0lntc_zkpobfjPRwnT1Jv1cnrGhyphenhyphenU9EPvFrMHnWgYrCu71-elkSRKDbb3XR-nD7St/s1600/TestingTwilight_37a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgex0m8OZmHd0ZpvLgLRZdhgX-ew625Mp7hHgo465E3xHNYzPE6JxeNTmn13dyngObLrhNglddHJ7D0lntc_zkpobfjPRwnT1Jv1cnrGhyphenhyphenU9EPvFrMHnWgYrCu71-elkSRKDbb3XR-nD7St/s320/TestingTwilight_37a.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">That flank looks attractive!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCeMp8DLoap3_8b31WaV8jEC11H0uuATXnQu2gto9X7ZU5mhaHjyVhFNS0z7MUXCpCuQt_Wvc0MfBM-hUcb9hu7axlXgRLv4wdogL6f5VM9bhpRoCHe4dPD6RmV3lFCisEcInC0hkM7uQO/s1600/TestingTwilight_37b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1021" data-original-width="1600" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCeMp8DLoap3_8b31WaV8jEC11H0uuATXnQu2gto9X7ZU5mhaHjyVhFNS0z7MUXCpCuQt_Wvc0MfBM-hUcb9hu7axlXgRLv4wdogL6f5VM9bhpRoCHe4dPD6RmV3lFCisEcInC0hkM7uQO/s320/TestingTwilight_37b.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Left exposed by the breaking of the Södermanlands, Schulenburg liked the look of the Närke-Värmlands' flank, sending out the Saxon foot guard.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCXOHth6bGx-8avK0opJc9RihLyCKYENcUrVsMTYs8xAGMejAI0fQXSDGkZgfP7sFQCyeijJdGdva0XUPO4iOTYVHmipW_IM26r5uw3yww8JoEjxXbWQwP16KP5K8nmWKUeKWsRKdtPTvO/s1600/TestingTwilight_37c.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1021" data-original-width="1600" height="204" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCXOHth6bGx-8avK0opJc9RihLyCKYENcUrVsMTYs8xAGMejAI0fQXSDGkZgfP7sFQCyeijJdGdva0XUPO4iOTYVHmipW_IM26r5uw3yww8JoEjxXbWQwP16KP5K8nmWKUeKWsRKdtPTvO/s320/TestingTwilight_37c.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The Wrangel dragoon having retreated from the mêlée, von Dünewald's dragoons again charged the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Livdragonregemente.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP0vLJ_qGdFVSeGmzdb0NDvTWW95-s1wLaZ6SLeoQ8mgunaq8Tilfm9Q1ZKGMsdG-Lw51aPaociT7E6ptvIuBgnbFItEXV36vzEPF-z1hoeGSU8YOaJghd9yHgAt4p7FUAzOSBgL7NzMrk/s1600/TestingTwilight_38a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP0vLJ_qGdFVSeGmzdb0NDvTWW95-s1wLaZ6SLeoQ8mgunaq8Tilfm9Q1ZKGMsdG-Lw51aPaociT7E6ptvIuBgnbFItEXV36vzEPF-z1hoeGSU8YOaJghd9yHgAt4p7FUAzOSBgL7NzMrk/s320/TestingTwilight_38a.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Flank fire on the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Pommerska and a loss of morale.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim3VEwvEt4XpvXEHiuo1ydB61MAL_i6ECQd8JP5AEH8e5I9Oh05xBzejmmFLtJiiQiFm43PGxOX_AsRdEb21125YAn4xDwOvOVEXSYqQp0lQDV2166T7W1eThTjHRA49zPyuZOYLXdSRFi/s1600/TestingTwilight_38b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEim3VEwvEt4XpvXEHiuo1ydB61MAL_i6ECQd8JP5AEH8e5I9Oh05xBzejmmFLtJiiQiFm43PGxOX_AsRdEb21125YAn4xDwOvOVEXSYqQp0lQDV2166T7W1eThTjHRA49zPyuZOYLXdSRFi/s320/TestingTwilight_38b.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmmfbjsM1ZKi3NLhB72JwiKuMBVBZqvEFkv2Cr3hAxIRk7HDFYv1Mpo82R77wKtZFB01yALH-4-6rhWPzRvxGS3CNESSy1fLYpm4uKQwbylsPi5w_I_dSe0bmImIPwn0nzu43DCP2HKhGm/s1600/TestingTwilight_39.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmmfbjsM1ZKi3NLhB72JwiKuMBVBZqvEFkv2Cr3hAxIRk7HDFYv1Mpo82R77wKtZFB01yALH-4-6rhWPzRvxGS3CNESSy1fLYpm4uKQwbylsPi5w_I_dSe0bmImIPwn0nzu43DCP2HKhGm/s320/TestingTwilight_39.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">A second morale loss to the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Närke-Värmlands, now unsupported.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc4C05M_ordfDKAVzeLgz27KuDmgu5Evly-Ekayb3iHKlCKbjT84xDtB8SbJap4BoyZSSKfOx6QcfA8lbeq7kAux6vHT0i71DFPY5ciVBYnPMvravIdrTDweSlI6drDCl4pV_boB_oCgQV/s1600/TestingTwilight_40.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="947" data-original-width="1600" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhc4C05M_ordfDKAVzeLgz27KuDmgu5Evly-Ekayb3iHKlCKbjT84xDtB8SbJap4BoyZSSKfOx6QcfA8lbeq7kAux6vHT0i71DFPY5ciVBYnPMvravIdrTDweSlI6drDCl4pV_boB_oCgQV/s320/TestingTwilight_40.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">In charged the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Pommerska...</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjavTm52_aGMMFK0nJiNVy6yuNKzaGJuwq6e-J5qY-1cZUjytJTsBBnWo00B9EYrxYYNVtVMaw9HMFBpVpnGxodaJWrthXO1GyuaumhPj5BNrBN4UW2p8dFO0UuGc-_PxWNpynSLXTiICMF/s1600/TestingTwilight_42.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjavTm52_aGMMFK0nJiNVy6yuNKzaGJuwq6e-J5qY-1cZUjytJTsBBnWo00B9EYrxYYNVtVMaw9HMFBpVpnGxodaJWrthXO1GyuaumhPj5BNrBN4UW2p8dFO0UuGc-_PxWNpynSLXTiICMF/s320/TestingTwilight_42.jpg" width="320" /> </a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">... a morale loss to the Patkul Infantry Regiment, but they held. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkhza2gh1dPwcL5Vk82jhwr0y8LNu0FGbc5sk8rH1x9txkKUI1UPmX1itLEc3k-GB5cRrrHYtkps5pvEUrc9y_QuXSI9H_FoljDg93UUeYHEXFXAAB8zs6Yu9BXF4ehlSC-mVlzZFjnruA/s1600/TestingTwilight_41.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkhza2gh1dPwcL5Vk82jhwr0y8LNu0FGbc5sk8rH1x9txkKUI1UPmX1itLEc3k-GB5cRrrHYtkps5pvEUrc9y_QuXSI9H_FoljDg93UUeYHEXFXAAB8zs6Yu9BXF4ehlSC-mVlzZFjnruA/s320/TestingTwilight_41.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">von Dünewald's boys fought bravely, but incurred a morale loss.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj77GHE5H6-sG2DG-AE8pxODNIu3okm-PUqctAPyjLDyqiEh2r2iUKCC8ToAmaRMV1P4LPDvpP95gZTwaflKMf5pnFyuaqNrevq5nq9k9c7AerXhCCxqOvlVgkDdN-P4gAryUPP60bvllRf/s1600/TestingTwilight_43.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1063" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj77GHE5H6-sG2DG-AE8pxODNIu3okm-PUqctAPyjLDyqiEh2r2iUKCC8ToAmaRMV1P4LPDvpP95gZTwaflKMf5pnFyuaqNrevq5nq9k9c7AerXhCCxqOvlVgkDdN-P4gAryUPP60bvllRf/s320/TestingTwilight_43.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLVvtmXbjtIKEqF9t3Pb0nhVTMxS-BEw0Rds3Kq5NfAvBX6-AJrQtE6q4obdOj2M4Qtwgcf971_HWdjnFruWFikjCwFS6HXOMId7b9vnEn24-igWvrFpnfVggWiTQkwLMRiiHGcugCQ_2M/s1600/TestingTwilight_44a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="838" data-original-width="1600" height="167" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLVvtmXbjtIKEqF9t3Pb0nhVTMxS-BEw0Rds3Kq5NfAvBX6-AJrQtE6q4obdOj2M4Qtwgcf971_HWdjnFruWFikjCwFS6HXOMId7b9vnEn24-igWvrFpnfVggWiTQkwLMRiiHGcugCQ_2M/s320/TestingTwilight_44a.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The Norra Skanska tried a desperate, headlong charge against the Saxon guard, with predictable results, the Pommerska dragoons were broken by the </span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Patkul Infantry Regiment and even the </span></span><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Närke-Värmlands had given up the fight.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTypS4KQEMnqJdAqNatvoS1kPEnF788M2wAj-8k-f-cdev1o7QZB64kaFLE3dsUGmOPK3Duykh0-f04jhdfW3OAzMyDIfQ0vtXuzEkdsJlsCJad6iw74F1AhI8VzXerJWLBfFi7He26Thb/s1600/TestingTwilight_44b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTypS4KQEMnqJdAqNatvoS1kPEnF788M2wAj-8k-f-cdev1o7QZB64kaFLE3dsUGmOPK3Duykh0-f04jhdfW3OAzMyDIfQ0vtXuzEkdsJlsCJad6iw74F1AhI8VzXerJWLBfFi7He26Thb/s320/TestingTwilight_44b.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">This forced an army morale test, which Rehnskold easily passed!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">von Dünewald's boys had fought bravely, but finally broke. I just realised that I forgot to do the brigade morale test, but it was of no consequence as, with only two cavalry regiments left, it was all over for the Swedes!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV2QrWwPRt5Ve7fY893GY4xWlXhQcqFDcLNUNNSxL9pfT80pbLvLDvZgyNNufGN0UfAQ5v7PM1DDqOXUDn6SKulVmpsaBBfHZsujsjLnt3uJFkY-WNln_75EwpDCbvP-X0K73NNWi3IpnQ/s1600/TestingTwilight_46.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="692" data-original-width="1600" height="138" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV2QrWwPRt5Ve7fY893GY4xWlXhQcqFDcLNUNNSxL9pfT80pbLvLDvZgyNNufGN0UfAQ5v7PM1DDqOXUDn6SKulVmpsaBBfHZsujsjLnt3uJFkY-WNln_75EwpDCbvP-X0K73NNWi3IpnQ/s320/TestingTwilight_46.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So, after nine turns I lost. As a fairly unimaginative </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rehnskold</span></span> <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I had failed to replicate the </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> dramatic Swedish victory that was his finest hour. Alternatively, as a more aggressive Schulenburg I achieved a better outcome. Still, since I lean strongly towards the Swedes, I have to say that I beat myself.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The result was not really the point of this though, for it was about the rules and they came out of this game with a win. On reading, <span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I thought that I’d like them. I was not sure after the early turns. I re-read key sections, found things that I had not done quite correctly and, as I began to get the mechanics clear in my head and perform the tests correctly, I found myself liking them more and more. The rules are straightforward, as</span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> I said in my description above, </span></span>but the completely novel approach meant that they took a bit of getting one’s head around.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>
</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">As the 'mist' cleared I coul</span>d consider the rules' mechanics. There are several aspects that I like, firing is central, units can always move, but it takes more to perform more 'elaborate' movement, supports, protected flanks and generally good positioning of your forces are paramount. Troop quality has an effect, but not an extreme one (either positively or negatively). Similarly, commanders are well represented in the rules, but not out of proportion.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Having enjoyed this playtest of Twilight of the Sun King, I'm keen to complete the additional troops necessary to play the game at regimental scale. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I’ll then compare the rules with GåPå (that I have <a href="https://avonnapoleonicfellowship.blogspot.com/2016/10/another-game-past-dream-realised.html">tried once and liked</a>) and also the Polemos
Great Northern War rules (by Nick Dorrell one of the authors of Twilight of the Sun King—one can see that he has included a lot of ideas from them into </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Twilight of the Sun King</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span>). I often find 'sticking points' with rules the more that I use them. Time will tell whether this is the case with Twilight of the Sun King. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">They passed their first test with a credit and I'll see how they go with further testing.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">One of my long-term aims is to paint sufficient figures for the </span></span></span>Great Northern so as to field Swedish, Saxon, Polish-Lithuanian, early Russian and Ottoman armies (these latter will also be fit for Napoleonics), as well as some later
Russian and Danish troops. The eventual 'grand plan' is to work through the battles of the Great Northern War from go to whoa. This playtest has added fuel to that fire.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rules</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Twilight of the Sun King by Steven Thomas, Andrew Coleby and Nicholas Dorrell, revised edition 2019 (<a href="https://www.wfgamers.org.uk/resources/C18/Twilight/ToSK">https://www.wfgamers.org.uk/resources/C18/Twilight/ToSK</a>).</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Scales: 1:200–300 for brigade-scale games, 1:100–150 for regimental-scale games. Units of two bases each (one for artillery). All movement and ranges calculated in base widths. Ground scale 1:5 000 for brigade-scale and 1:2 500 for regimental scale at recommended base width. I used 1:6 000 for my game (base width 50 mm).</span></span><br />
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<span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Figures</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">All figures in the game were 1/72 scale.</span></span><br />
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Swedish</span></span></b></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Infantry: Mars 'Swedish Infantry'</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cavalry: Zvezda 'Swedish Dragoons of Charles XII' and Strelets 'Reitars of Charles XII'</span></span><br />
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Saxon</span></span></b></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Infantry: Mars 'Saxon Infantry'</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Cavalry: Strelets 'Russian Dragoons of Peter I'</span></span>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Artillery: Zvezda 'Swedish Artillery of Charles XII'</span></span><br />
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<i><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Russian</span></span></b></i><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Infantry: Strelets 'Russian Dragoons of Peter I' and 'Swedish Infantry of Charles XII', Zvezda 'Russian Strelets Infantry' and Strelets various bonus Streletsi figures.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Some of these Russians</span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> were part of a
<a href="https://avonnapoleonicfellowship.blogspot.com/2018/06/terrain-renewal-manna-from-internet-and.html">huge haul from John of the Wargame Hermit blog</a> that I got back i</span></span></span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">n June 2018 </span></span></span></span></span></span>(thanks John, if you are reading). I'm adding further</span></span></span> streletsi as early Russians (for Narva, River Düna).</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: blue;"><b><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">References</span></span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sjöstrom O (2008) Fraustadt 1706 - Ett fält färgat rött. Map of the battle (sourced from <a href="https://www.tacitus.nu/gnw/battles/Fraustadt/">https://www.tacitus.nu/gnw/battles/Fraustadt/)</a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Sjöstrom O and Kling SL </span></span>(2016) Warsaw, Fraustadt and the Grand Plan to Crush Charles XII. <i><b>In</b></i> </span></span>Kling (Jr.) SL (Ed.) Great Northern War Compendium Volume 1. The Historical Game Company. pp. 197–210. </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Thomas S, Coleby A and Dorrell N (2019) The Battle of Fraustadt - 1706, Introductory Scenario. <i><b>In</b></i> Twilight of the Sun King. The Pike and Shot Society Essex England.</span></span> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wye Forest Gamers </span></span>(n.d.) The Battle of Fraustadt, 13th Feb 1706. <a href="https://www.wfgamers.org.uk/great-northern-war/gnw-battle-of-fraustadt">https://www.wfgamers.org.uk/great-northern-war/gnw-battle-of-fraustadt</a></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-64651919393115640852020-05-22T00:38:00.000+08:002020-05-22T00:38:09.098+08:00Move, sir! Why no, sir - you move! Corunna (1809) refought to a standstillExtricating an army from a pursuing foe is surely never the easiest of tasks. Presented with the task faced by Sir John Moore at Corunna, options are few and the possibilities of defeat appear limitless. For Marshall Soult, on the other hand, time is as much an enemy as British muskets and rifles. For our refight we chose the straightforward arrangement from the Polemnos scenario list:<br />
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Four British divisions faced six French ones, albeit that three were cavalry. The Order of Battle we used is from Napolun (1). This was the sight from the <span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">halcón</span></span> above when the game started. </div>
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All our towns and villages are set on 4" squares, Corunna alone is figurative. Fraser's division is nearest the camera facing Franceschi and Lahoussaye off-camera to the lower right. Paget's reserve to his left and then of course Sir David Baird faced by Merle. Hope faces Delaborde, Merle and Lorge's cavalry. Sir John Moore has a plan, which is to attack Merment's division as it advances, cut the French army in two, and break their morale. However you can see the problem already: if there is not adequate planning, if Baird cannot get out of the way, Paget simply has insufficient room to deploy his troops. And here is the elegance of the Shako rule (7.8) in such cases: the earliest orders can be given to troops under such defend or reserve orders is the end of the second move. How I as Sir John wished that rule had not been there. As it was, I sent orders myself to Paget to move forward, and dispatched an aide to Fraser, who unfortunately lost his life, requiring me to send another. The consequences of these twin delays, I argue, were to cost me a victory. The view below shows Merle's division approaching Elvina. </div>
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French artillery then made good play against the III/1st Royal Scots and the I/1st Guard behind. Hope's predicament is evident from the picture below. No attempt whatever was made to seize Piedralonga, which the French bypassed. Below how things stood at Move Four.<br />
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The advance continued, with an excellent triple-pronged attack on the I/5th Foot and the I/92nd Highlanders behind them by Lorge's dragoons and the 86th Ligne. In the picture below you cannot quite make out either that attack developing to the top left, nor Major-General Bentinck's 1/42nd Highlanders holding up Paget's division in the centre, the two generals arguing about who should move, although the reality was that by the time they came to have that argument, there was no longer the slightest possibility of trapping Merment's division between two fires. Securing Elvina was simply not enough, the Rifles largely using it for refuge. Meanwhile Sir John Moore, safely ensconced on the heights of San Cristobal, was simply in the wrong place.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaoj9-0B96TwdOP7tzjaMFaFDyz7As9QHNEpBVpu69vFjwK7aVb6clcx9UbJNQePcukOrMlZUBsdD-XTjjKbOm4Y3GKk5kmlGjbS9OBIqY3XviB-xd3Sm2QFqoH0ONkJfzBtPHssQNvag/s1600/IMG_20200517_132603.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaoj9-0B96TwdOP7tzjaMFaFDyz7As9QHNEpBVpu69vFjwK7aVb6clcx9UbJNQePcukOrMlZUBsdD-XTjjKbOm4Y3GKk5kmlGjbS9OBIqY3XviB-xd3Sm2QFqoH0ONkJfzBtPHssQNvag/s640/IMG_20200517_132603.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Within a short space of time, Merment's 47th and 122nd Regiments were actively engaged, ignoring the British traffic jam to their left. It was a tussle that was to continue all day, largely to the advantage of the French, although neither side was especially interested in house-to-house fighting in Elvina itself.<br />
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On the French right, it was a story of consistent success. Below you see the effect of a well-coordinated French attack on a British infantry line. That's the 1/92nd Highlanders in square, with their English comrades-in-arms hard pressed behind them. British luck was very uneven throughout the battle - on at least three occasions they won melees with '6's' against '1's', but there were also plenty of occasions where they failed volleys, never something you especially want to do with British facing French columns. </div>
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And then we saw a sight one does not often see: a broken British square. If it was not a good day for the British, it was especially not so for the Scots. Too many dragoons, too well-commanded.<br />
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Pushed back, at the end of Move Eight Hope's division rallied against the odds and reformed, albeit demoralised. French morale sank. Had Delaborde been too cautious about the furnace after all?<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid5TS8DZIDVCBXV8pAnrvTP0yVsQnzpU2Lqzin8ueUmyqWfB3k0EGMHdDDTXmKDevfD-RzAaKFUoLhZznJmpg1twuPjLp0QYU9GpNb9M0VkVMsmMWp6f5IK7UNdrF12fOwnXR2U2yAg2o/s1600/IMG_20200517_171110.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid5TS8DZIDVCBXV8pAnrvTP0yVsQnzpU2Lqzin8ueUmyqWfB3k0EGMHdDDTXmKDevfD-RzAaKFUoLhZznJmpg1twuPjLp0QYU9GpNb9M0VkVMsmMWp6f5IK7UNdrF12fOwnXR2U2yAg2o/s640/IMG_20200517_171110.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">But it was not Hope's battle to win. As it was, he held on bravely against huge odds but the result was almost inevitable, eventually his division reached half-losses, failed its morale, and fled back towards Corunna. </span><br />
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On the other flank, Marshal Soult had displayed understandable reluctance to throw forward Franceschi and Lahoussaye's dragoons. They eventually spent themselves in fruitless charges against the squares of the 1/38th and 1/79th of Paget's division that had eventually managed to pick their way around the army artillery thoughtfully deployed on the San Cristobal heights, but that was enough to take the shine off the British advance. If wars are not won by evacuations, as Churchill rightly insisted, then neither are battles won by forming square. Both are means of avoiding destruction.</div>
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But Marshall Soult's men were tired, too. They had fought bravely, eventually putting one British division to flight and breaking several battalions in another, but as dusk began to fall, artillery fell silent at last, and the possibility of complete encirclement faded with the light. Fraser's division had been completely unengaged, whilst Paget's division was almost completely intact. On the French side, four battalions had been broken, three in Move 6 and one the next move, several others were in retreat, and there were mounting casualties on the dragoons, one regiment of which was in retreat. And so it was that nine moves into the battle, even with three more moves available, both sides agreed to retire even as Lorge's dragoons were about to enter the outskirts of Corunna. </div>
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The British were thus free to evacuate overnight, and Sir John Moore lived on, never to exercise field command again. It had been a long, hard-fought battle at the end of a 'shameful disaster' of a campaign. Shako rules had again surpassed themselves in maintaining fairness and interest. No one thought that given the constraints they were under they could have done better, but we were left wondering: what would Wellington have done differently in defence? What of the Emperor himself in attack?</div>
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References<br />
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<a href="https://www.britishbattles.com/peninsular-war/battle-of-corunna/">https://www.britishbattles.com/peninsular-war/battle-of-corunna/</a><br />
<a href="http://www.peninsularwar.org/coruna.htm">http://www.peninsularwar.org/coruna.htm</a><br />
<a href="http://www.peninsular-war.com/history/html/Corunna-Account-battle-10138.html">http://www.peninsular-war.com/history/html/Corunna-Account-battle-10138.html</a><br />
<a href="http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_corunna.html">http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_corunna.html</a><br />
(1) <a data-auth="NotApplicable" href="http://www.napolun.com/mirror/napoleonistyka.atspace.com/battle_of_corunna.htm#britishflee2" id="LPlnk674760" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank">http://www.napolun.com/mirror/napoleonistyka.atspace.com/battle_of_corunna.htm#britishflee2</a><br />
<span style="background-color: white;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Oman, Sir Charles (1902) <i>A History of the Peninsular War, Volume I. </i>Oxford, Clarendon Press.</span></span><br />
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There are some magnificent other depictions of the battle available on line. Those I have seen and admired include the following<br />
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<a href="https://jjwargames.blogspot.com/2013/12/battle-of-corunna-january-16th-1809.html">https://jjwargames.blogspot.com/2013/12/battle-of-corunna-january-16th-1809.html</a><br />
<a href="https://grymauch.blogspot.com/2017/10/battle-of-corunna-1809.html">https://grymauch.blogspot.com/2017/10/battle-of-corunna-1809.html</a><br />
<a href="https://davesgamingplace.blogspot.com/2012/12/command-and-colors-napoleonics-corunna.html">https://davesgamingplace.blogspot.com/2012/12/command-and-colors-napoleonics-corunna.html</a><br />
<a href="http://www.mapsymbs.com/corunna.html">http://www.mapsymbs.com/corunna.html</a><br />
<a href="https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipNqX49rckv0V7vBjBCF8ONLZpNOkIDNoWLP2ickZXCrLHzJLC9Dr7xr-IADpajJiA?key=Uk5BbnloX3JvSVA3ekhRZ3NzUVY5YzdGcl9XaUhB">https://photos.google.com/share/AF1QipNqX49rckv0V7vBjBCF8ONLZpNOkIDNoWLP2ickZXCrLHzJLC9Dr7xr-IADpajJiA?key=Uk5BbnloX3JvSVA3ekhRZ3NzUVY5YzdGcl9XaUhB</a><br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com13tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-54054760379676192472020-05-01T11:17:00.001+08:002020-05-01T13:53:57.255+08:00With supreme confidence in their fighting force - the Rebel attack at Fair Oaks, 31st May 1862<br />
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For our third Civil War game, I had the pleasure of selecting the first day of fighting (31st May) at the battle of Fair Oaks (known to the rebels as Seven Pines). A larger battle, this time, with two Union Corps and two rebel divisions involved, and the welcome opportunity for me to build a railroad as well as the Kuhn twin houses.We used the forces lists from the Osprey publication on the Virginia campaign at a scale of 1 stand = 200. <a href="https://ospreypublishing.com/seven-days-battles-1862-pb">https://ospreypublishing.com/seven-days-battles-1862-pb</a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhonjrsBu6e7L_NDziqSxy47xR5MmDxBEH-69ERbo4uJXbaq77wMJ5qccskCyBRMgJX_n8scB9sruTGJut0Q4aycLMdMUBaesGiPdbL6hV7S_MczHzWhI5jeyd3tVLUeGGD2N5MP6Pdb34/s1600/union+oob.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhonjrsBu6e7L_NDziqSxy47xR5MmDxBEH-69ERbo4uJXbaq77wMJ5qccskCyBRMgJX_n8scB9sruTGJut0Q4aycLMdMUBaesGiPdbL6hV7S_MczHzWhI5jeyd3tVLUeGGD2N5MP6Pdb34/s400/union+oob.jpg" width="300" /></a></div>
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Especial gratitude, however, to Brett Schulte for his painstaking recreation of the Fair Oaks OOBs in Excel: without those we would not have know the exact strength of each brigade.Not all of the Union forces would be engaged on our northern flank of the action, in fact - but Sedgwick's 2nd division was scheduled to reinforce from the North, and Kearny's 3rd division from the south.</div>
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This is what the historical battle looked like<br />
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<img alt="Battle of Seven Pines(Fair Oaks)" height="342" src="data:image/jpeg;base64,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" 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My task as Brig.Gen Keyes in particular was in my view to outperform my historical counterpart to check the rebel advance and hold IV Corps position in time for reinforcements from Maj.Gen Sumner's II Corps to reinforce my position around Fair Oaks railroad station and prevent Gen. Johnston from achieving his objective, delegated to Gen. A.P. Hill on the rebel right and Gens.Longstreet and Smith on the right - to encircle and destroy my entire Corps.</div>
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We started from the historical deployments, which left Brig.Gen Casey's two green Union brigades, those of Wessel and Naglee, absolutely exposed to the lines of rebel assault as their pickets ran back to them.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRSXuvOjDuqPfZc62Nzzcf2hXqIysLiIfpjAU7VNuKfgmUlPD_VWPeERhU3yZ8Phoxd2XQtDPr6QOdL9Wg_pNaL4Vkllz2aHc4O-7DORDSB1MZ6S4EGTObrYMrTAlNVCozgBaFlYok-2w/s1600/Casey+division+start+battle_104336.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRSXuvOjDuqPfZc62Nzzcf2hXqIysLiIfpjAU7VNuKfgmUlPD_VWPeERhU3yZ8Phoxd2XQtDPr6QOdL9Wg_pNaL4Vkllz2aHc4O-7DORDSB1MZ6S4EGTObrYMrTAlNVCozgBaFlYok-2w/s640/Casey+division+start+battle_104336.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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I was surprised to see so much rebel artillery, and worried that my orders to Brig.Gen Casey, for a withdrawal to the second line, was likely to expose both brigades to fire in the open. Luckily I silenced one rebel battery, which withdrew to regroup, but there were more where that came from.</div>
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The rebels came on 'With supreme confidence in their fighting force' (Harmon, 1941:87), and stormed Casey's redoubt, as historically Wessel's brigade took the heaviest casualties of the action on the Union side, abandoning the redoubt, and worse still, mishandling of the 7th and 8th New York artillery batteries by Colonel Bailey, just as historically - sitting in their redoubts but failing to score casualties - saw both of them overwhelmed and captured by Rodes' brigade. We could well imagine the scene at Casey's redoubt, here depicted in the Osprey book. At that point I must admit I thought the rebel advance had become unstoppable.</div>
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<img alt="Casey's Redoubt – Explicitly Clear" height="448" 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" width="640" /><br />
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But I had underestimated the cool determination of Brig.Gen Palmer, who flung his brigade forward without hesitation and retook the redoubt.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1mWwAQAE5u2lNHsNyqNI1ZqcNRjzFDwaDaOKG2Q4LqrrZBv8Eu8Xy9cYG_-oc_O1a1tnmui_6VKUFrr5i0njDuD4f_4aj-vOZAbQWal_EdMkIRvTiOX7GzruE7nL2OaDSr6G1bamgsig/s1600/With+every+confidence+20200426_143652.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj1mWwAQAE5u2lNHsNyqNI1ZqcNRjzFDwaDaOKG2Q4LqrrZBv8Eu8Xy9cYG_-oc_O1a1tnmui_6VKUFrr5i0njDuD4f_4aj-vOZAbQWal_EdMkIRvTiOX7GzruE7nL2OaDSr6G1bamgsig/s640/With+every+confidence+20200426_143652.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Eventually it became possible to infiltrate Brig.Gen. Berry's brigade through the woods to the rebel right, which left Rain's brigade outflanked after it had passed through rebel lines to take over the assault on Casey's redoubt.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijIjpUqoVLBU5IibhfJE4ULy29z5EzhLEX5CYEDDAz52YFuStF6NjOAJutWXEO68H9q_KQk_5cXbuWRokge0JHTaUVJ-dtBlgZdQ6hIiuM-J-uQWcTbWxf0w0xL1kWeQ79zsoe_TBiP3Y/s1600/rebels+outflanked+in+second+assault+on+casey+redoubt+20200426_152947.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijIjpUqoVLBU5IibhfJE4ULy29z5EzhLEX5CYEDDAz52YFuStF6NjOAJutWXEO68H9q_KQk_5cXbuWRokge0JHTaUVJ-dtBlgZdQ6hIiuM-J-uQWcTbWxf0w0xL1kWeQ79zsoe_TBiP3Y/s640/rebels+outflanked+in+second+assault+on+casey+redoubt+20200426_152947.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Meanwhile in the centre Gen. R.H. Anderson's brigade had met its match in Brig. Gen Abercrombie's New York men, who held them off long enough for their assault to peter out, even if my original intention of outflanking them had proved a pipe dream. Eventually the lines became more or less parallel to one another, quite different from the historical action.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigqVLZcoW95nPZfeHbJ03fPa018IicuMRj3xX2xg6sSJcikkiMc_G-yidh6Ek42ISw8q0a_PtB-0ZCYakx0NXP1x9KMedAPdxm5KCYhGrl9CGX5wGirTsZ9PnT1P8XZZCz8fPVWn-p2z4/s1600/Abercrombie+faces+off+against+Anderson_134558.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigqVLZcoW95nPZfeHbJ03fPa018IicuMRj3xX2xg6sSJcikkiMc_G-yidh6Ek42ISw8q0a_PtB-0ZCYakx0NXP1x9KMedAPdxm5KCYhGrl9CGX5wGirTsZ9PnT1P8XZZCz8fPVWn-p2z4/s640/Abercrombie+faces+off+against+Anderson_134558.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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Here a view of the fighting in the centre and across to the twin Kuhn houses and the railroad beyond.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG3ySfuJm5iZVhIbpUYkyHkyccKxANXYeSin31oFyxzreDC9pKizPE2ushmxGU70VDPZmnWIukztx_c_QDJxVbFfo2T48yJSDbKsLE-aST4DLoDGSYc4aaI4EaIvlsonZpehxgAfX8OxY/s1600/NICE+SHOT.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG3ySfuJm5iZVhIbpUYkyHkyccKxANXYeSin31oFyxzreDC9pKizPE2ushmxGU70VDPZmnWIukztx_c_QDJxVbFfo2T48yJSDbKsLE-aST4DLoDGSYc4aaI4EaIvlsonZpehxgAfX8OxY/s640/NICE+SHOT.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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As always in actions of this complex kind, the schedule of reinforcements was crucial to the action. It turned out that both Gen. Smith's rebel division and the Union 3rd division arrived at more or less the same time - but significantly later than historically. The Union artillery managed to get off a few desultory shots, but the upshot was that there was no fighting at all around Fair Oaks station itself or on the right flank, as the picture below of the end of the action shows. Brig-Gen Gorman was especially slow in advancing.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaElPBCGqagnVVUp8YjZk2V11H3Z4FwLqFGXMH2gVzF6DM17uN9kwnNE2Lp2dI5nqaquMl-dB2EpAyxhFUzgCbgjux3fJkYFW4dwBRf3-0bXLj5tYNukBXM4A3Dedm7EKPXeopTstT008/s1600/Union+right+end+of+the+battle.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiaElPBCGqagnVVUp8YjZk2V11H3Z4FwLqFGXMH2gVzF6DM17uN9kwnNE2Lp2dI5nqaquMl-dB2EpAyxhFUzgCbgjux3fJkYFW4dwBRf3-0bXLj5tYNukBXM4A3Dedm7EKPXeopTstT008/s640/Union+right+end+of+the+battle.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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And here, the arrival of reinforcements from II Corps around Casey's redoubt, which remained in Union hands at the end of the battle.<br />
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Casualties were fewer than those of the historical battle, the Union lost around 1,200 compared to 2,600 Confederate, although 1,200 'skedaddled' compared to 400. Historically, Casey's division lost 177 dead and 934 wounded. Our casualties were even heavier on Casey but much lighter elsewhere, mainly on account of the severe delays on the part of Sumner and Smith. Two Union brigades therefore ended the battle worn, one Confederate brigade was worn, and two spent. Almost all the losses were around Casey's redoubt. If it had not been for those two lost batteries, the brigade loss tally would have been even more even. As it was, we called it a draw:</div>
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And as Brig.Gen Keyes, I felt that my cautious strategy of withdrawal followed by a dogged defence had been justified. One of the most remarkable aspects of <i>Fire and Fury</i>, I repeatedly find, is the admiration one feels as the divisional or Corps commander for gallant brigades and their commands. Especial praise on the Union side should therefore go to Palmer's brigade for their recapture and stout defence of Casey's redoubt. As Keyes I don't mind admitting that I thought they would be swept away. On the rebel side, Gen. Johnston singled out Rodes' brigade as being heavily engaged and almost carrying the day. Mark rightly pointed out that the disparity <i>Fire and Fury</i> insists upon in melee capacity and inferior artillery is a real incentive for the rebels to engage in hand-to-hand combat. I keep telling myself that the poor dice rolls of the New York batteries could not have been predicted, but at least I could hold my head up high in reporting to the Army commander - and I might well earn promotion to Maj.Gen and Brig-Gen. Sumner not, judging by his tardy arrival on the battlefield.</div>
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The biggest change to history though, which this refight shares no doubt with many others, was the fact that Gen. Johnston came through the battle unscathed. The whole course of the Civil War henceforth would no doubt be very different without the expertise in the craft of war exhibited by his successor.</div>
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Roll on Antietam.<br />
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Sources:<br />
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Broadwater, R.P. (2011) <i>The Battle of Fair Oaks: Turning Point of McClellan's Peninsula Campaign</i>. Jefferson FC, McFarland.<br />
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Harmon, G.D. (1941) General Silas Casey and the Battle of Fair Oaks. <i>The Historian</i> 4(1), 84-102.<br />
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<a href="https://www.historynet.com/brigadier-general-silas-casey-at-the-battle-of-seven-pines.htm">https://www.historynet.com/brigadier-general-silas-casey-at-the-battle-of-seven-pines.htm</a><br />
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<a href="http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/armies_seven_pines.html">http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/armies_seven_pines.html</a><br />
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Konstam, A. (2004) <i>Seven Days Battles</i>. Oxford, Osprey.<br />
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Mindil, G.W. (1874) <i>The Battle of Fair Oaks: A reply to General Joseph E. Johnston</i>. Available at: <a href="https://archive.org/details/battleoffairoaks00mind/mode/2up">https://archive.org/details/battleoffairoaks00mind/mode/2up</a><br />
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<a href="http://jayswargamingmadness.blogspot.com/2017/05/acw-scenario-caseys-redoubt.html">http://jayswargamingmadness.blogspot.com/2017/05/acw-scenario-caseys-redoubt.html</a><br />
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<a href="http://theminiaturespage.com/boards/msg.mv?id=272379">http://theminiaturespage.com/boards/msg.mv?id=272379</a><br />
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https://www.brettschulte.net [for OOBs]<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com12tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-59944123361281629952020-04-12T15:05:00.002+08:002020-04-23T16:51:37.538+08:00Stranger than Fiction - Maxen (1759) refoughtHistorically, Lt-General Finck's entire Corps, some 14,000 men, surrendered to Field-Marshall Daun, one of the most successful Austrian actions of the entire Seven Years War. So the pressure is actually on the Austrian commander in this battle, rather than the outnumbered Prussians, who cannot really do worse than they did historically.<br />
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Herewith the original deployment.<br />
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<img src="https://www.kronoskaf.com/syw/images/thumb/7/72/Battle_of_Maxen.jpg/600px-Battle_of_Maxen.jpg" /><br />
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We used Charles Grant's excellent scenario in <i>Refighting History</i>. Here for comparison is his map.<br />
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The disparity in strength between the two combatants is very clear.<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj_-KqlEzz4C37SxE4FYmVrOg9vBiXIydKPZ2PxR_tvJf9rNZsFTFf21AVWYyGmPA6W8X3r9_BQjyIEwutQnjvmK4GZP5gwQwAVBof7frtZlTWwwMhQJi98jNDa02IlDhw8qQ6n6xNM2g/s1600/p1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="960" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjj_-KqlEzz4C37SxE4FYmVrOg9vBiXIydKPZ2PxR_tvJf9rNZsFTFf21AVWYyGmPA6W8X3r9_BQjyIEwutQnjvmK4GZP5gwQwAVBof7frtZlTWwwMhQJi98jNDa02IlDhw8qQ6n6xNM2g/s640/p1.jpg" width="480" /></a></div>
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Historically, Finck ordered his 15 cuirassier sqns to advance against Brentano, but they failed and were driven back. If that can be avoided, then there is in fact a wide gap through which Finck can easily withdraw. And he should - here is a view from the Prussian position on the heights of Mazen at the Austrian army massing for the assault.<br />
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<img alt="The Battle of Maxen - Franz Paul Findenigg" src="http://www.wikigallery.org/paintings/219001-219500/219148/painting1.jpg" /><br />
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Source: http://www.wikigallery.org/wiki/painting_219148/Franz-Paul-Findenigg/The-Battle-of-Maxen<br />
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A helicopter view of deployments in our re-fight.<br />
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And here is our version of the assault on the Heights:<br />
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Success was not absolutely guaranteed, but as Daun I felt reasonably optimistic. As it turned out casualties were relatively similar, perhaps slightly higher but not twice, and of course there is the usual question surrounding how many wargames casualties were actually dead. We felt that the Zimmermann ANF 7YW rules did well in simulating the assault up a steep hill, especially in the difficult balance of artillery casualties.<br />
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Later in the battle, Prussians cleared away, the picture on this flank looked like this:<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdUBv9195Hs3l5LYCa_tE6T54yLMRIe6X5JrEb-Sq75Fz73PZfUJtWteoH1dUAJhV8jmtQJWEkdFUrIGBqy-hBGPl0N-gz_oCvFlBEEuF-z2xKioyxO5n3boIoG9Qmsa0zX0kUmOCd20s/s1600/Success.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdUBv9195Hs3l5LYCa_tE6T54yLMRIe6X5JrEb-Sq75Fz73PZfUJtWteoH1dUAJhV8jmtQJWEkdFUrIGBqy-hBGPl0N-gz_oCvFlBEEuF-z2xKioyxO5n3boIoG9Qmsa0zX0kUmOCd20s/s640/Success.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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There had been some stiff fighting around the Redoubts and my grenadiers had suffered considerably, but sheer numbers told in the end.<br />
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My cavalry completely failed to get round the back of Mazen, however. And similarly you can see from the picture below the problem developing on Daun's left flank. The Prussian infantry have only to advance, and the cavalry will not be able to secure the retreat line marked here by two sheets of paper.<br />
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Which is exactly how it turned out:<br />
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My problems were multiplying elsewhere, too, and just as seriously. General Brentano did not do as well in repelling the Prussian cavalry as he did historically. The crucial advantage of the cuirass was well-taken, whilst that Austrian artillery piece just did not do sufficient damage. Here, the calm before the storm.<br />
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The aftermath - Brentano driven from the field and the Prussians in control of the entire flank<br />
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And here, what happened as a result of failing to win the cavalry mêlée - I failed to close the gap on the retreating enemy. This is C18th warfare, not Napoleonic - no need for the Prussians to form squares here. Those Austrian cavalry in the top right of the shot are retiring, leaving their Hussar comrades to fight their way out as best they can. The wide open space for the Prussian withdrawal is plain to see.<br />
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We were left thinking that Daun had been exceptionally fortunate on the day for General Brentano to win the cavalry mêlée. It really seems that anything less than what happened historically would have allowed Lt-Gen Finck to extricate himself without much more than the casualties he sustained on the Heights. Fact was truly stranger than fiction.<br />
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<br />
Sources:<br />
<br />
Grant, C. S. <i>Refighting History</i>. <i>Volume 5.</i> <i>Minden, Kunersdorf, the Action at Torgau and Maxen</i>. Leigh-on-Sea, Partizan Press.<br />
<br />
Project 7YW (2020) <i>1759-11-20 - Battle of Maxen</i>. Available at: <a href="https://www.kronoskaf.com/syw/index.php?title=1759-11-20_-_Battle_of_Maxen">https://www.kronoskaf.com/syw/index.php?title=1759-11-20_-_Battle_of_Maxen</a>, Retrieved 12 April 2020<br />
<br />
Zimmermann, R. (1976) T<i>he Wargamer's Handbook. Rules for Wargaming in Six Periods of History</i>. 3rd Edition. s.l., Z & M Publishing Enterprises.<br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-87306944202786994482020-02-18T13:22:00.001+08:002020-02-18T13:22:18.404+08:00Book and Figure Review: Images of War: Fallschirmjäger: German Paratroopers - 1937–1941 & 1942–1945, by François Cochet and Airfix 1/32 German Paratroops<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">In two volumes</span> François Cochet outlines the history of the German fallschirmjäger in the Second World War, deftly combining brief chapters of text with a marvellous selection of images.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />The first volume covers events leading to the formation of the fallschirmjäger* through to the beginning of Operation Barbarossa in September 1941.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">*</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(‘useful
dates for this volume’ and the text of Chapter 1 state that 29 January
1936 was the date for the establishment of the first unit of
fallschirmjäger, not the 1937 of the volume’s title)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span><br />The book is ideal as an introduction to the fallschirmjäger. Every page includes interesting insights and details, beginning with the statement that the fallschirmjäger owe their origin to the collaboration between the Weimar republic and USSR, the latter which was the first to develop paratroops (the US having focussed on recreational rather than combat use).<br /><br />Packed with photographs, chiefly from Cochet’s own collection, the book shows the fallschirmjäger in training, at play and in action. In addition to the photographs there are reproductions of some drawings made by German war correspondents that were published in <i>Der Adler</i>. In keeping with the series, the images are the key feature of the book and the number and range provided by Cochet provides the reader with a marvellous pictorial history of the fallschirmjäger and real insights into the men who served.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">The photographs in the books are numerous and varied, showing the fallschirmjäger in training, relaxation and in action.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsfnrXlO1egCSFkez3AkoKr2mKtbDzQ7aKA1noqH5whSibeaOq_2q6jCD69WqDEZdVUBqvF0k53HiB5Fv1pLLyXZ60JuJ_zYlYki6fKzX9HiDyTLuF-PuSH7XvYnQqS_eGgOzi4iEgW_i2/s1600/Fallschirmjager_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1133" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsfnrXlO1egCSFkez3AkoKr2mKtbDzQ7aKA1noqH5whSibeaOq_2q6jCD69WqDEZdVUBqvF0k53HiB5Fv1pLLyXZ60JuJ_zYlYki6fKzX9HiDyTLuF-PuSH7XvYnQqS_eGgOzi4iEgW_i2/s320/Fallschirmjager_5.jpg" width="226" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"> <span style="font-size: small;">A page of images of fallschirmjägers going into action. The faces of the men tell so much.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Another page with an image of young fallschirmjägers going into action and an example of some of the harder-hitting photographs in the book.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">A page with images of Crete: one of the reproduced drawings from <i>Der Adler</i> and a photograph.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span><br />Cochet’s text expands on the pictorial story provided by the images and is at times surprisingly controversial. He demonstrates a clear affinity with the formation and its men, which is reasonable, but statements such as “By galvanising the Cretans (who were often armed to the teeth), the Allies broke all laws of war and many paratroopers were massacred by civilians” are ‘surprising’ in the least. This is also at odds with a statement by a former fallschirmjäger, Felix Gaerte, that “their fighting was extremely fair. I… served in other parts of the war… this fairness that existed between the Germans and the Australians at nowhere else existed” (from ABC documentary “A Greek Tragedy”) and with extant monuments on Crete. Of course, warfare is not the clean thing of the wargaming tabletop, nor the honour and glory of war myth and history is generally written by the eventual winner. Guerrilla war is a particularly nasty version of the activity. Statements of ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ seem to me a gross oversimplification.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">A surprisingly strong caption, which is matched by statements in the text and at odds with extant monuments in Crete (below, still from the ABC documentary "A Greek Tragedy").</span></span><br /><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />While I was ‘surprised’ to find such statements in a book of this kind, I’ll contradict myself and say that it was a pleasing to be challenge in such a manner! This is also an example of the way that Cochet fits a lot of content and detail into a few pages of text. As with other books in the series, I was also impressed with the fine way that the text and images/captions fit together and build a greater story. The translation into English is not always the best, which is detracts a little from the readability but does not affect the understanding.<br /><br />The second volume picks up the story of the fallschirmjäger from 1942. Having suffered a high rate of casualties in the battle for Crete in 1941 and with further large losses in the USSR, by the spring of 1942, “the majority of paratroop units were brought back to the Reich to reform and rebuild” (p. 11).<br /><br />Here again Cochet provides a set of detailed and engrossing photos, supported by his captions and descriptions in the text. We see photographs of recruitment demonstrations in Berlin, recruitment posters, recruits in training and during exercises in Normandy. We then follow them in action in Tunisia, Italy (including the bold mission to free Mussolini from his mountain-top hotel) and, increasingly as infantry, in the major battles of the Reich from the Aegean/Italy, to the USSR, France, the Netherlands, Germany and finally Berlin.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;">A page from volume two showing two of the more powerful images in the book, including one of those of a fallschirmjäger who was a casualty of war.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Once
again the range of photographs is a particular feature of the book.
This second volume includes a number of images of fallen
fallschirmjäger. As the war moves towards the defeat of Nazi Germany the
fallen are younger, or sometimes older. These brief vignettes of men
who served and died adds greatly to the power and impact of the book,
bringing the reader closer to those who were part of this famous unit in
World War II.<br /><br />Èlite units hold a particular interest for
‘students’ of the history of warfare, and the German fallschirmjäger of
WWII are no exception. François Cochet’s two-volumes in the “Images of
War” series are not only an excellent introduction to this force and its
combat history in the war, but also much, much more.</span></span> </span></span> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /><b><br /><span id="goog_889683874"></span><span id="goog_889683875"></span>The Figures</b><br /><br />Unlike their British counterparts which featured in an <a href="https://avonnapoleonicfellowship.blogspot.com/2019/10/book-figure-review-images-of-war-arnhem.html">earlier post</a>, I did not own a set of the Airfix 1/32 German Paratroops as a boy. These figures came from my friend and ‘supplier of my habit’, Mark N. from whom I have bought numerous, excellent, second hand figures over the past few years (at ‘mates rates’!).</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />These
‘green devils’ are an early 21stC Airfix re-release and only feature 14
figures and unfortunately not all of the possible poses. It would have
been good to have had some of the poses of men using their rifles or
prone, but it is of no great matter.</span></span> </span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Above</span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">, the box from the original, 1976 edition of the 1/32 Airfix German Paratroops and (below) the rear of the early 21stC re-release.</span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />The figures are made of hard, gloss plastic which took paint well and were enjoyable to paint. I represented them in their late-war camouflage smock, electing not to try to paint eagles or shields on their helmets. I think that they will look good on the tabletop in the near future, up against the ‘red devils’.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;">The completed figures, ready to take on the 'red devils' or other allied troops.<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"></span></span></span></span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-33629315392977951342020-02-06T19:30:00.001+08:002020-02-06T19:30:15.564+08:00Book Review: Arnhem 1944: The Human Tragedy of the Bridge Too Far, by Dilip Sarkar<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">This is a special book</span>. It stands out, even on the subject of the Battle of Arnhem which has generated so much interest, particularly following Ryan’s ‘A Bridge Too Far’, the derivative film and numerous subsequent books, websites, and blogs. Like the 300 at Thermopylae, the heroic defence by the I Airborne division and Polish parachute brigade piques the interest of many a person interested in the history of warfare. Sarkar’s book is not a retelling of those events but a personal and moving account.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />The book compels the reader from the very first page; the foreword from Sophie Lambrechtsen-ter Horst, who was caught up, nay directly involved in events as a five year-old girl. Her beautifully written piece tells a little of her own story during the battle and, more importantly, of the bond between the men who fought and died there and the Dutch civilians who continue remembrance to this day.<br /><br />Dilip Sarkar’s introduction follows this moving foreword. He tells of his deep interest, actually labelling it an ‘obsession’ with World War II and his fascination with the Arnhem story. He lets the reader into the background of some of his detailed research, travelling to and from Holland, uncovering information, hitting dead ends, light-bulb moments, so as to try to reveal “…the ‘hidden history’ of the dead.”<br /><br />He sets the scene to the Arnhem battle with a prologue that briefly describes the events from D-Day to September 1944. In this he highlights the seeming headlong retreat of the Germans following the eventual breakout of the Allies from Normandy, as well as the advance of the Russian army towards Germany. He describes the initial success but eventual failure of Unternehmen Wacht am Rhein (Battle of the Bulge) leading to another headlong allied advance bringing them to the Rhine. This brings us to Montgomery’s plan to use the airborne brigades to by-pass the barrier presented by the Rhine and Siegfried line, the ambitious Operation Comet, which was cancelled on 10th September 1944. From its ‘ashes’ rose Operation Market-Garden, involving the full airborne corps, three divisions and the Polish parachute brigade, which came into being just seven days later, 17th September 1944.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">The book is illustrated with numerous black and white photographs from archival sources and the author's collection.</span><br /><br />We then move to the heart of the book, 18 chapters focussing on 33 of the allied soldiers who died in and around Oosterbeek and Arnhem between 17th and 26th September 1944.<br /><br />Each chapter tells of the background of the soldier, a little of his childhood, entrance to the army and how he made his way to the unit in which he served in September ’44. The chapters are presented chronologically so that each is set against the battles of Arnhem-Oosterbeek.<br /><br />Sarkar brilliantly weaves together the story of each of the fallen with the evolving tale of the battle. Combined with details of the units involved, aspects of the war and related, often humorous anecdotes this makes for an evocative and moving telling of the tale, with the added element of bringing those who did not return to life in the mind of the reader.<br /><br />His approach means that there is minor repetition of information in subsequent chapters. This hardly detracts from the book nor its readability since it is minor and relates to important points. Moreovrer, it means that each chapter, the story of each man or small group of men, stands alone as a tale and tribute in its own right. He does not state it in his introduction, but I strongly suspect that this was Sarkar’s intention.<br /><br />Each of the chapters concludes with what happened post-Arnhem, to the remains of the fallen and to the members of his family. While of necessity reasonably brief, Sarkar’s relating of the impact of the death of sons, husbands and/or brothers on those at home is yet another important aspect of this wonderful, powerful and moving book. As exemplified at the end of the chapter about Lance-Corporal Ronnie Boosey (p. 68), “… his younger brother, Lesley, made frequent annual pilgrimages to pay his respects at the graveside of his much-loved brother—‘until it all became too much’. Such is the price of war.”</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Three important chapters round off the book. The first considers German casualties, describing the difficulty in identifying how many fought in the Arnhem-Oosterbeek sector, let alone how many fell. As with the Allied dead, these men were first interred in battlefield graves, being exhumed and moved to the German war cemetery at Ysselsteyn. Sarkar concludes the chapter with a brief description of the life and deaths of two German commanders mentioned in the main chapters of the book; General Friedrich Kussin and SS-Hauptsturmführer Viktor-Eberhard Gräbner. This is followed by ‘Flowers in the Wind’, a chapter telling the stories of some of the Dutch civilians caught up in the battle and, lastly, Sarkar’s Epilogue in which he describes his own visits to the landmarks, memorials, museums and, of course, the Airborne Cemetery and, most importantly the ‘warmth and friendship of the Dutch people’ during his research for the book.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Photographs provided by the families of the fallen add greatly to the poignancy of the book</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />The book is illustrated with numerous black and white photographs from the author’s collection taken during his extensive research and frequent visits to Arnhem and surrounds, archival photos chiefly from the Imperial War Museum and lastly, and most poignantly, photos provided by the families of the fallen, most commonly their children.<br /><br />Maps of the plan of Operation Market-Garden, the flight paths taken for the various drop zones of the entire operation, the planned approach for 1st Parachute Brigade, location of drop zones around Arnhem and Oosterbeek, dispositions of 1 Parachute Brigade group in Arnhem, wartime map of Oosterbeek and unit dispositions in Oosterbeek are provided both in colour in the centre of the book and in black and white with the most relevant chapter.</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLKecdrDRG7bFA_K-t_mPpeKgEsuDeg8r655J0SPouEUfEEippx9vrn8WtsJcoE3RB_ayiCzbVFD6aH3V_6QCxcj4zfK4cGXPE7DQ98FTK9u9uxs9kU3TE1JfUQr3MP0XmUROMTbUvOkty/s1600/Arnhem1944_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1061" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgLKecdrDRG7bFA_K-t_mPpeKgEsuDeg8r655J0SPouEUfEEippx9vrn8WtsJcoE3RB_ayiCzbVFD6aH3V_6QCxcj4zfK4cGXPE7DQ98FTK9u9uxs9kU3TE1JfUQr3MP0XmUROMTbUvOkty/s320/Arnhem1944_5.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">One of several clear maps, printed in colour that help the reader to trace the movements of the units and individuals described. </span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This is a fabulous example of historical story-telling at its finest. Sarkar not only brings these men to life, but also the events of the Battle of Arnhem. His is a magnificent contribution to the history of WWII and Arnhem in particular, especially since most of the old soldiers have left us and the last of the eyewitness survivors are entering their old age. As well as its value now I can see that it will be a fabulous example for people to study, in 20–50 years time and beyond, to try to learn and to imagine what it was like, who the people really were and the impact of the momentous events some 75 years later. Just as memoirs and recollections of veterans can bring those people to life in one’s imagination, so too does this book, about people whose lives were cut short, for people born long after for whom the events are from the distant past.<br /><br />But for the odd typographical error this one would be a perfect ten from me.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-4080082914357472022020-02-03T01:10:00.001+08:002020-02-03T01:10:59.797+08:00Paths of Glory: Wargaming the Futility<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">War is the stupidest</span> of human endeavours. Not an effective type of diplomacy by other means at all. No conflict represents the futility of war better than the “Great War”. From its confused and illogical beginnings to the enormous, seemingly futile battles, with ‘industrial-scale’ killing and use of any means to gain an advantage.<br /><br />Yet it fascinates at so many levels. Why, and to the blazes how, did an assassination in Sarajevo trigger a conflict that would last for four years, involve 32 countries, fought over four continents, producing some 40 million casualties, kill an estimated 8–9 million soldiers and some 10 million civilians (<a href="http://www.centre-robert-schuman.org/userfiles/files/REPERES%20%E2%80%93%20module%201-1-1%20-%20explanatory%20notes%20%E2%80%93%20World%20War%20I%20casualties%20%E2%80%93%20EN.pdf">Nadège Mougel 2011</a>)? (Even more difficult to fathom is that the Spanish flu, which began towards the war’s end, killed more people than the war). How did any soldier cope with the daily struggle, the horror and manage to function at any level? Why did people willingly and enthusiastically join up (initially at least)? How did it end so suddenly, yet inconclusively?<br /><br />Rather than the ’war to end all wars, it was, of course, only the beginning of the most violent century of human existence with far greater devastation and death to follow a mere twenty years on. It completely changed the map not only of Europe, but of the Middle East, parts of Asia and Africa and shaped the world that we have today. Over one hundred years on, we are still living with its legacies; some good, most ‘problematic’ (to say the least). <br />Indeed it is worth keeping people mindful of the events leading up to the July crisis of ’14—which is now confined to written or recorded history—as in a *somewhat* similar fashion, the challenges of today seem to be leading to concerning responses of tribalism, chest-puffing and attribution of blame rather than cooperation and concerted effort to deal with them.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Staged for the camera. Not yet a game, but close to what will be my first WWI wargame. In a similar manner to that conflict, I'm still not quite sure how I got to this!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Dear reader, what follows is quite self-indulgent, so you may wish to scroll down to the photos and move on!)<br /><br />While I find the history intriguing, compelling and always moving, I never considered it to be a suitable period to wargame. I have seen it described elsewhere as ‘<a href="https://www.beastsofwar.com/flames-of-war/war-too-far-wargaming-tabletop/">a war too far for the tabletop</a>’. This was exactly the way I felt about it. Who wants to send wave on wave of infantry to their deaths in futile attacks, or have them sit in trenches and be bombarded for hours on end? Yet, late last year that all changed. I suddenly decided that I wanted, even needed to include it in the periods that I wargame. What changed? <br /><br />In reality it has probably been a slow burn. Interest in the First World War began in my youth. Like many of my generation, WWII and to a lesser extent WWI were in the recent past. These were conflicts that our parents and grandparents were involved in as soldiers, civilians (some as children). They were a topic of conversation about ‘the olden days’. A source of numerous TV shows and films (more particularly WWII, of course). My first memory of appreciating some of the horrific reality of the First World War came from being taught about the war poets, particularly Owen and Sassoon. This was enhanced when I got a copy of the “How and Why Wonder Book of the First World War”^. Over the years I have read and seen much about the war, especially as our national day for commemorating fallen soldiers and others in war is on ANZAC Day, 25th April, marking the first day of the Gallipoli Campaign in 1915.<br /><br />^As part of my recent plunge into the period, I re-read this book. It remains an excellent overview of the war.<br /><br />I was, naturally, interested in the commemoration during the recent centenary of the war, but only caught snippets of some of the wonderful work that was produced and visited only one exhibition. Knowing that I’d want to catch up on them later, I saved many videos and audio files produced over that time.<br /><br />I began re-exploring the war in detail last year when I ‘watched’ (more listened to since it was paintertainment) episodes of one that I had saved; the brilliant Channel Four series ‘The First World War’ based on the book by Hew Strachan. This fabulous production, in ten roughly hour-long parts, tells the story of the war. While I considered that I had a reasonable understanding of events, I learned much from this series about which I was previously unaware. For example, the fact that, having failed in the initial attempt by he and his co-assassins, Princip was ‘lucky’ to run into Archduke Franz Ferdinand after the latter’s car took an alternate route, the driver having gone the wrong way. The mass exodus of the Serbian people and army in November 1915 and January 1916. The fact that the Germans facilitated the return of Lenin to Russia in order to assist with the collapse of the government. As with anything to do with this conflict, the series moved me to tears on several occasions.<br /><br />Relating this to Julian, he asked, “Does it pique your interest in wargaming the period?” “No way,” I said “the history is fascinating but I have no interest in wargaming it.”<br /><br />Then, suddenly, I decided that I wanted to have a go at wargaming World War I, not only that but it had to be, or at least begin with, the Western Front in the late war.” Fittingly, in a similar manner to the outbreak of the war, it was a seemingly unrelated event that proved to be the catalyst. In a word: Bovington.<br /><br />I had been watching some of the marvellous ‘Top Five Tanks’ videos on the website of the <a href="https://www.tankmuseum.org/home">Bovington Tank Museum</a> when I stumbled on one about the Mk IV. I knew precious little about this or any other WWI tank, so found it to be most interesting. This lead me down the rabbit-hole of further footage of this and other WWI tanks, particularly in their Tankfest videos but also those produced by others on YouTube. I was hooked.<br /><br />Well, not quite hooked yet as the important topic of suitable rules came to mind. Could I find something to suit me? I began searching reviews on blogs and websites and found “H.M.G.” They sounded promising. Finding a copy on Wargame Vault lead me to other sets: “Halt The Hun”, “Tanks & Yanks” and “Westfront”. After looking through them all, it was “Westfront” that stood out as the first set to try. I liked that the rules involve ‘units’ (representing 12 to 25 men), they are designed for games up to a battalion, or perhaps a regiment, and seem to cover most of the aspects of arms and technology (with the exception of aircraft). I still like the look of “H.M.G.” and will likely give them a go later, although with the representation of units à la “Westfront”, rather than the single figures suggested in “H.M.G.”.<br /><br />The next decision was the scale of figures to use. I pondered 1/32, but the ranges of weapons would make them unsuitable for anything larger than a skirmish. Added to this, there is a wider selection of figures available in 1/72. Thus settled, I purchased a few sets of figures to get me started.<br /><br />I also began accumulating films. I re-watched “A Very Long Engagement”, such a strong, at times funny and in the end beautiful film. It’s similar in some respects to “'Testament Of Youth”, the story of Vera Brittain” which I saw via on-demand TV last year. I finally saw Peter Jackson’s “They Shall Not Grow Old” which I had wanted to watch last year, but it had only run for a short season. In a word, brilliant. Some other recent films that I found and watched for the first time were “The Trench”, which is up there with some of the best, as is “Journey’s End”. “Beneath Hill 60” is okay, but “Forbidden Ground” and “Poziers” were both quite disappointing. I also picked up copies of “War Horse and “The Water Diviner”, both of which I have seen previously and I definitely think that they are worth viewing again.<br /><br />Like so many genres of film, the older ones are amongst the best. The original “All Quiet on the Western Front” is so powerful and poignant. I saw Kubric’s “<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmDA60X-f_A">Paths of Glory</a>” for the first time—amazingly I was not previously aware of it.<br /><br />I purchased a copy and watched it (which will be the first of many times, for sure) and can see why it has stood the test of time as a <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/may/01/paths-of-glory-review-kubrick-first-world-war">portrayal of the war</a>, is <a href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/films/features/best-first-world-war-films-movies-remembrance-day-paths-to-glory-a8623761.html">rated highly amongst films about the war</a> and that the wonderful Terry Gillam (R.I.P) referred to it as “<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2011/mar/13/film-that-changed-my-life-terry-gilliam">The film that changed my life</a>”. It has powerful performances, great cinematography, strong anti-war statements and a magnificent, hopeful ending—I won’t spoil it for others who have not yet seen it—making it one of those films that stays with you for years afterwards. This will be doubly so for me as the film will feature in my first wargame in this period.<br /><br />“Westfront” are designed for scenarios where players select units, vehicles and the like from a list for a nation in the early-, mid- or late-war to a total number of points that is equal for both sides. I’ll use this basic approach, but prefer my games to be based on a section of an historical battle or action. For my first I have selected to do a game based on the attack on the ant hill from “Paths of Glory”. Not strictly historical, of course, unless one considers the history of cinema, but it will allow me to begin with a game that involves only a few of the possible troops/guns/vehicles.<br /><br />[An aside: I have seen the trailer for the current ‘blockbuster’ “1917” and it looks like one to avoid to me. Great if you want plenty of things blowing up, lots of running and shouting, but not a patch on those that I have listed above. Of course, I should see it before making a final judgement for myself, so I guess that I will, at some stage…]<br /><br />Having watched the films that I had purchased, my paintetertainment switched to listening to some podcasts. I finally caught up on “The Great War: memory, perceptions and ten contested questions”, first broadcast in 2014 on our Radio National (RN)—another that I had saved for later listening. These ten, one-hour episodes are excellent. Each deals with a different aspect of the war, such as the causes and outbreak, the performance of generals, the war in literature and medical services. Two or three guests, who had studied and written about the particular aspect under discussion join an RN presenter who leads the discussion. Edifying to the max!<br /><br />As I only have two of the ten episodes to go, I searched for other, similar material and found the lectures of the National WWI Museum as well as the complete BBC series “The Great War and the Shaping of the 20th Century” produced in 1996 (also as a PBS version) on YouTube. These will form the basis of my paintertainment in the near future.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">My first WWI wargame will be a pseudo-historical affair based on the attack on the ant hill from "Paths of Glory". Ant hill at top-centre of photograph.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">These Strelets French infantry in gas masks are close to being finished, needing only a wash, highlights and basing.</span></span></span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg6JLn2R5AI3cy8xNjvs8HhSgUR-FQxyPStveLQjWwYgLDFTflWAZ2jxWlcrIyE62kwNDqIWnR_0uO9ismiX8W4gU8tJMsIBTL-a12c23Vn1bjQ8HSJkhxq4nicQOYce52gMhfy4OxF28y/s1600/WargamingTheFutility_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg6JLn2R5AI3cy8xNjvs8HhSgUR-FQxyPStveLQjWwYgLDFTflWAZ2jxWlcrIyE62kwNDqIWnR_0uO9ismiX8W4gU8tJMsIBTL-a12c23Vn1bjQ8HSJkhxq4nicQOYce52gMhfy4OxF28y/s320/WargamingTheFutility_4.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-size: small;">This Saint-Chamond tank will not feature in my first game. It is a paper model that I found on the marvellous <a href="http://www.landships.info/landships/index.html">landships</a> website. It could probably do with a brown wash to dull it down a bit.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">This MkI tank is the recent re-release of the Airfix classic. It has been brown-washed to give a muddied effect. It won't get a run on the battlefield for a while.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I’m
now close to trying my first game of a World War I battle. The terrain
is done, the French infantry need ‘only’ their finishing touches, while
the Germans are merely undercoated. I’ll post a report here once I have
played a game.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </span></span> </span></span></span><br />In the meantime, here’s our theme song.</span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrZFscfJxXc">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrZFscfJxXc</a><br />Click on the link and turn the speakers up to 11!</span></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-1060685918499764162019-10-31T23:12:00.000+08:002019-11-01T06:33:41.023+08:00Book & figure review: Images of War Arnhem & 1/32 Arfix British Paratroops<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">This British para-themed</span> combined review is the first of what I intend to be a series of posts. They will be a way of combining a relevant book review with presenting figures that have made it out the end of my slow and large painting production line (to which I regularly add more prep'd and/or undercoated figures!).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In most cases the subject will be Napoleonic, so will be presented on our other blog, but this first represents two completely different subjects from most posts by our group; WWII and 1/32 scale figures!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Firstly to the book.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Images of War: The Battle for Arnhem 1944-1945, by Anthony Tucker-Jones</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">The Battle of Arnhem and more broadly Operation Market Garden is an amazing tale that features heroism and determination in what became one of the greatest military blunders of the war. It was, at best a poorly planned and ill-conceived attempt by overly confident allied high command, particularly Montgomery, to end the war by the Christmas of 1944.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">The bold yet flawed plan featuring consecutive attacks by airborne troops to secure three bridges and the headlong rush of XXX Corps to relieve them was doomed from the start. The fact that it was even close to being successful, despite the lack of sufficient transport planes and gliders for a single drop at all locations, the often-stalled drive of XXX Corps down ‘hell’s highway’, the ‘surprise’ presence of quality German defenders who mounted bold counter-attacks, the damage to many of the British paras’ jeeps on landing, ineffective combat radios, the capture of the drop zone near Arnhem by the Germans and of the allied plan for the operation in a crashed glider—to list but a few—is testament to the heroics of the troops.</span></div>
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<span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 16px;">There were many such events. The courageous crossing of the Waal river at Nijmegen (and the failed demolition of the Nijmegen bridge by its defenders), the bold river crossing by the Polish brigade in an attempt to provide relief/support the dogged defence of the Oosterbeek pocket </span><span style="color: #262626; font-family: "arial";"><span style="caret-color: rgb(38, 38, 38);">and the tenacious, to the last-stand in an attempt to hold the position around the Arnhem bridge are particular standouts.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">As Tucker-Jones points out in his introduction, it was the publication of Cornelius Ryan’s book “A Bridge Too Far” and its subsequent release as a film that increased knowledge and interest in the operation amongst historians and history buffs, himself included. In keeping with the ‘Images of War’ series, Tucker-Jones’ book is a re-telling of the key aspects of Market Garden combined with stunning, poignant occasionally funny and often moving pictures.</span></div>
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<span style="-webkit-font-kerning: none;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">Two photographs showing the troubles for XXX Corps' armour. Destroyed Shermans have been pushed to the side to enable the column to continue its progress.</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">The photographs are the stars of this book. There are 129 in total, all in black and white and all from the author’s collection. They were taken by 1st Airborne’s photographers, those with German troops and with XXX Corps. They are an amazing collection of images of men, machinery, guns, casualties, prisoners, key features, destruction and officers and generals. Each is reproduced clearly and includes a detailed caption.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzVNG_2ooG6zHsl5kNFURMgiO4vTIuCL37U_6dOcMqNKDSZg_pTFWv_1NHHmz6djGn6-Yd5eQ6vfJc2nfqmw3skkIUwQhux5nDAHdakEUa0-5QXESoXKkO1KZlwMZtzAizOscKsq9_yqOC/s1600/AirfixParasArnhemImages_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1041" data-original-width="965" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzVNG_2ooG6zHsl5kNFURMgiO4vTIuCL37U_6dOcMqNKDSZg_pTFWv_1NHHmz6djGn6-Yd5eQ6vfJc2nfqmw3skkIUwQhux5nDAHdakEUa0-5QXESoXKkO1KZlwMZtzAizOscKsq9_yqOC/s320/AirfixParasArnhemImages_4.jpg" width="296" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> Images such as this provide useful and interesting details for wargamers.</span></div>
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The nine chapters of text describe the chronological events. Tucker-Jones’ writing is clear and easy to read. He includes several quotes from key participants that add further detail and perspective about the tale. As an example, this one from Horrocks (commander of XXX Corps), from his memoirs, is particularly telling:<br />
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Even if the 2nd German SS Panzer Corps had not been in a position to intervene so rapidly, and if we had succeeded in getting right through to the Zuider-Zee, could we have kept our long lines of communication open? I very much doubt it. In which case, instead of 30th Corps fighting to relieve the 1st British Airborne Division, it would have been a case of the remainder of the 2nd Army struggling desperately to relieve 30th Corps cut off by the Germans north of Arnhem. Maybe in the long run we were lucky.</blockquote>
Each chapter begins with a map of the area relevant to the subject matter, featuring locations and indicating the key actions described in the text.<span style="font-kerning: none;"></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0YHia7zRTGtxMwDY-hpWQTVZoYkWE2NgSewU6Fzh48kc9YJbPmgcuDE2QJFaX42lAep8dSqH-EBDma7PGncVaXhWTM-Gk_-ZBd5ftmbhNRUyAW1_5qmxWa5r_7WcxdwR_tUID_qygiXM0/s1600/AirfixParasArnhemImages_6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1078" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0YHia7zRTGtxMwDY-hpWQTVZoYkWE2NgSewU6Fzh48kc9YJbPmgcuDE2QJFaX42lAep8dSqH-EBDma7PGncVaXhWTM-Gk_-ZBd5ftmbhNRUyAW1_5qmxWa5r_7WcxdwR_tUID_qygiXM0/s320/AirfixParasArnhemImages_6.jpg" width="215" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">An example of the maps that are included at the start of each chapter.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">Like a good scientific paper, the images and text are mutually exclusive yet support one another. The book may be understood solely by reading the text or, alternatively, by looking at the photos and reading the captions. Together, the two combine to provide the reader with greater detail, perspective and clarity.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">The book concludes with a brief, 1 1/2 page piece entitled ‘Movie controversy’. Tucker-Jones points out the use of incorrect vehicles—something that is a fault in just about every film about the war that I can think of, but most of this section is devoted to the furore around Dirk Bogarde’s portrayal of General Browning. He does not draw a conclusion about this, but presents the complaints that were made, particularly from Browning’s family and Bogade’s responses.</span></div>
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<span style="font-kerning: none;">All in all this is a most useful and interesting book. The combination of easy reading and well-captioned photographs that reward closer inspection will ensure that it is one that I will be leafing through often.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"><span style="color: #262626;">The photographs reward detailed inspection. This one of</span><span style="color: #262626; font-size: 16px;"> the Arnhem bridge provides much information for representing it on the tabletop.</span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgUDkuNlDTLPnf_SrKNylN_061WfqLCR2YfxsqX3Ltlb9S4zOegg8d57psMmgaLiPjUhsmcEcSDdT1otLenFO-GlydyTbTdvOjhVHCB0KgVWv6sxhD1ETb2wdy9ervvNwp_T9ZWwmrRtZE/s1600/Seven%2526HalfNapoleons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="240" data-original-width="400" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgUDkuNlDTLPnf_SrKNylN_061WfqLCR2YfxsqX3Ltlb9S4zOegg8d57psMmgaLiPjUhsmcEcSDdT1otLenFO-GlydyTbTdvOjhVHCB0KgVWv6sxhD1ETb2wdy9ervvNwp_T9ZWwmrRtZE/s320/Seven%2526HalfNapoleons.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Since 'A Bridge Too Far', the battle for the bridges has been the subject of numerous books, documentaries and popular subject matter for the wargaming table. This leads us to the figure part of this combined review.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>1/32 Airfix British Paratroops</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I have a strong, nostalgic attachment to my little collection of 1/32 figures, which were some of my favourite toys as a boy. I recall on several occasions getting them all out and doing some impression of D-Day or such, complete with Russians, Japanese, Eighth Army, Afrika Korps and Aussies! Often this was initiated by viewing something such as 'The Longest Day' on the TV.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The figures sat, occasionally admired, but unused for many years. My father, who had kept hold of them, 'presented' them to me in 2001 after one of his early clean-outs. They remained in the old suitcase in which he brought them and last year I moved it into my new wargaming shed/room. Looking at them this year I thought, "I must paint them one day. Actually, why not now?!" </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So, I added them to the painting production line mentioned above.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Ng6vz_FCP_O1LmN16uv7DGIH7N_gnceMOOoWHBrHa2aWieIeHz5syD5-cpEEaMnQoXRHLtydInlzky3GDWueJQkOyeUE17v4KOOJvXzcRNVhwNSHH73I2sHhOUIgA3_SEwPwXK88sB3k/s1600/AirfixParasArnhemImages_7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1090" data-original-width="1600" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Ng6vz_FCP_O1LmN16uv7DGIH7N_gnceMOOoWHBrHa2aWieIeHz5syD5-cpEEaMnQoXRHLtydInlzky3GDWueJQkOyeUE17v4KOOJvXzcRNVhwNSHH73I2sHhOUIgA3_SEwPwXK88sB3k/s320/AirfixParasArnhemImages_7.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> In May, I added these figures, plus a few more, to the painting production line.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6cn_wtikyIBeYyYw3lKKvcX7rPsSqAyHyHXyDrlnOCTFNYYZHUbc1ilu0QrlLRBZ3RTPSqbbcLRLhiITJp5s7a9KiBKeP5bKtUIhWcHMhY8I33M1p_xmqW6UA9pYv5D0OrdX3J3On0xc3/s1600/AirfixParasArnhemImages_8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="987" data-original-width="1600" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6cn_wtikyIBeYyYw3lKKvcX7rPsSqAyHyHXyDrlnOCTFNYYZHUbc1ilu0QrlLRBZ3RTPSqbbcLRLhiITJp5s7a9KiBKeP5bKtUIhWcHMhY8I33M1p_xmqW6UA9pYv5D0OrdX3J3On0xc3/s320/AirfixParasArnhemImages_8.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> I had the base coat completed by June, but then</span> away more than home with work.</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg2brp2-ZFIThHaRVgxEe7yi162F23my9RE6mgyevFR0RrzjPLNE7Vw1xQMsXtHDGvgDHjD0IAjyiUycIYfoT29SwgyIm8jkfv302b3VvxyhQokRmZSjQQN6JH7DFxgh0Hz1z56p6dgPsY/s1600/AirfixParasArnhemImages_9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="970" data-original-width="1600" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgg2brp2-ZFIThHaRVgxEe7yi162F23my9RE6mgyevFR0RrzjPLNE7Vw1xQMsXtHDGvgDHjD0IAjyiUycIYfoT29SwgyIm8jkfv302b3VvxyhQokRmZSjQQN6JH7DFxgh0Hz1z56p6dgPsY/s320/AirfixParasArnhemImages_9.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
Back to the figures in October, and it was time for the black-wash. This included, for the first time, the 'secret' ingredient of 'One go' floor polish. An additive recommended by Mitch of the Serpentine Group to increase the viscosity of the wash and hence to get it to gather in the folds rather than smearing across the figure. It seems to have worked a treat. Also gives a bit of a sheen' to the figures!<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZMcyif3sprx2Gq0I6-geY8NB93HcYnywPdrrbLiBBl535dCI8JDTCuw-GxKDiCMg6stGpgR1aMQEcmkyYFcsXpEJ7RM4Up19KGnOeqG7876KH_aqbQyNiFfiV8EEZJbKUqnNqklZxYwmd/s1600/AirfixParasArnhemImages_10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1142" data-original-width="1600" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZMcyif3sprx2Gq0I6-geY8NB93HcYnywPdrrbLiBBl535dCI8JDTCuw-GxKDiCMg6stGpgR1aMQEcmkyYFcsXpEJ7RM4Up19KGnOeqG7876KH_aqbQyNiFfiV8EEZJbKUqnNqklZxYwmd/s320/AirfixParasArnhemImages_10.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">By the end of the month they were based and ready for the final application of detail and 'highlights'.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The set contains seven poses: paras with sten gun and grenade, with bren gun, firing rifle, advancing with rifle at high port</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(bayonet attached)</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, firing using a telescopic sight, radio operator and officer. The snipers, radio operators and officer are wearing the 'red' beret, while all other men have helmet with camouflage netting. All wear the camouflage smock with equipment on the outside. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The figures are well-moulded with sharp detail and plenty of folds and texture to enable the use of highlights and washes. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> Painting completed and ready for varnishing and 'Plastidip'.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQgmVhA9FplqEjB1xU-kxVTlMoZnGjpXSd5iACzesi8FsIwHyAzxhBD78F1gYgOfHzf2gLN1PZ_2YIgsQ1v22v6XCIT_uSVXYo22shQrtswy5MCiRbdR3WyMwOly8sYq50Fs83opCzC95O/s1600/AirfixParasArnhemImages_12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1090" data-original-width="1600" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQgmVhA9FplqEjB1xU-kxVTlMoZnGjpXSd5iACzesi8FsIwHyAzxhBD78F1gYgOfHzf2gLN1PZ_2YIgsQ1v22v6XCIT_uSVXYo22shQrtswy5MCiRbdR3WyMwOly8sYq50Fs83opCzC95O/s320/AirfixParasArnhemImages_12.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;"> Getting up too close, one can see the faults in my painting. Ah well!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd6uuUOm-LFDBBMFMMbkcfMWIuaZA1E4HdGOfSUhixbTamsme5Jg01yXbTQN06G_R0XPMLsa_Abfxp9fiEIpeskQWMKR2s29ql9QRmqDr0yAexihzy_V07QjhqIuCfYyQls7b__ivAxBu4/s1600/AirfixParasArnhemImages_13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1174" data-original-width="1600" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjd6uuUOm-LFDBBMFMMbkcfMWIuaZA1E4HdGOfSUhixbTamsme5Jg01yXbTQN06G_R0XPMLsa_Abfxp9fiEIpeskQWMKR2s29ql9QRmqDr0yAexihzy_V07QjhqIuCfYyQls7b__ivAxBu4/s320/AirfixParasArnhemImages_13.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I enjoyed painting these figures and especially finally having them in this state after some 40-odd years.</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-57946472711326918282019-08-13T21:10:00.001+08:002019-08-13T21:10:23.374+08:00White Tunis 31 BC - same outcome, different narrativeWhat we are told about this battle by Didorus Siculus is that the Carthaginians decided to fight in a relatively narrow pass, forcing them into double line. If true, given their numerical superiority, this would have been a decidedly unusual strategy, to say the least. They would surely not have been unaware of the legendary achievements of Leonidas' Spartans at Thermopylae, for one thing, and secondly, the terrain in the general vicinity would not necessarily demand such a sacrifice of their advantage.<br />
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We gave them every chance, the armies were not so vastly different in size. The Greeks: -<br />
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The Carthaginians:<br />
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And how both sides looked on the table, Greeks on the right. The Carthaginian strategy of strength on their own right is obvious. As Hanno I wondered if I ought not to be even more bold and place yet more troops on my right, but then the risk would be that the forces under Archagathus would outflank my dear friend and comrade-in-arms, Bomilcar.<br />
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As the armies advanced, the narrowness of the available frontage was already beginning to play on my mind. Initially, the chariot skirmishes were relatively indecisive on the Carthaginian right, and even that was something of a disappointment.<br />
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I retained high hopes, however, for my Numidian cavalry, where I had a superiority. If I could just get around the back of the hoplite phalanx, there might be a good chance of victory.<br />
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Rolling for initiative for Bomilcar brought only heartbreak, however, as his double one send him down to the very bottom of the league of generalship - only Agothocles' repeat of the same roll provided any comfort, although he was still adequately competent, which could certainly not be said of my comrade-in-arms, who was facing adverse odds: just look at that Cyrenian infantry moving up to support their chariots in the picture below.<br />
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As is the way with battles, especially ancients battles, the auxiliary forces' engagement seemed to go this way and that, with casualties on both sides, and nothing much decisive. I was beginning to wonder, as Hanno, whether nightfall might come (at the end of Move 10) before the Greek phalanx actually got into action. Indeed, delaying tactics were pretty much the sum total of my objectives. But the truth was, as the shot below of the Carthaginian right at the end of even Move 5 shows, that the winnowing out was moving inexorably in favour of the Greeks. There seemed little chance now that my depleted force of Numidian horsemen would actually make it to the rear of the Greek line.<br />
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There was worse news from the other flank, where on Move 7 the combined arms assault of Archagathus tore into my dear colleague Bomilar's depleted flank. The result was never really in doubt.<br />
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Agothocles spent one more move hesitating, but as the sun began to go down he recognised that victory lay in his grasp if was prepared to be bold, and my last hope was extinguished. A double move disordered much of his phalanx on the charge, but put him now perilously close to my line. How impressive it looks, as if it could envelop the hoplites at both ends. But the relative weakness of the troops is sufficient, in <i>Impetus,</i> to make the difference - as it should.<br />
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Left with little option, I charged myself, with further disorder, to my own men this time. The final clash of arms was upon us. Only Baal could save us now, I thought to myself. For Bomilcar certainly would not.<br />
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The Sacred Band were unimpressive, although some units fought bravely alongside them. The Carthaginian line began to crack, the photo below showing the North African evening sunlight picking out our units streaming from the field.<br />
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The following move, 10, it was all over: the Carthaginian army routed, and the strategically placed remaining chariots on the Greek right were in an ideal position to turn a rout into a massacre. Had Agothocles been able to fly, he would have seen his foe in flight across the entire field.<br />
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A magnificent Greek victory, exactly as historically. A wonderful day's wargaming - many thanks to Mark as usual for painting so many beautiful troops. Impetus 1 served the purpose perfectly well, and certainly seems to me a considerable improvement over WRG 7, which is what I used when I last played ancients a generation ago.<br />
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A lingering doubt remained for us over this question of the narrow frontage. Eventually, the Carthaginians were able to tell the story from their own standpoint. Blaming the terrain and the commanders was surely easier than blaming the inferiority of their own soldiers. Wargaming sometimes leads to a different perspective on the history. Though as Hanno I did no better than historically. <span style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: transparent; color: black; display: inline !important; float: none; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: left; text-decoration: none; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;"><i>White Tunis, a good place for Carthaginians to die.</i></span><br />
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<br />Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-40123567598145593202019-08-12T00:05:00.000+08:002019-08-12T22:50:04.213+08:00Fire and Fury in the Kentucky Heartland<div style="text-align: justify;">
For our second ACW battle, and after Mark's usual superb painting on an industrial scale had added substantially to my original purchases, the ANF ventured a step up, to a Corps level encounter, the Battle of Perryville. Historically, a gallant, outnumbered Union force under Major-General McCook delayed the Rebel advance, with heavy casualties on both sides, until his opponent, the Rebel General Bragg, realised that he would be facing the entire Union army if he stayed where he was, and wisely withdrew. No mean feat, for as a result Kentucky was retained for the Union, so I was under considerable pressure to do at least as well - readers will have gleaned by now that you are likely to read an account from a Union perspective if I'm writing it. We used a scenario Mark adapted from one in <i>Practical Wargaming </i>in 1996, designed for <i>Johnny Reb</i> rules but easily adapted for <i>Fire and Fury 1st edition</i>. Wargaming's own history has now become a fertile source for research.</div>
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It's a cluttered battlefield. Cornfields, woods, and hills. For simplicity's sake we didn't place the roads, but it was all looking quite difficult enough for everyone by the time everything was laid out and the long Union line was deployed. My judgement was that Brigadier-General Terrill's men were way out of place, in advance on the Union left. By accidental misjudgement, the 80th Indiana had found their way into his brigade instead of lining up along the stone wall with the rest of Colonel Webster's brigade, a mistake that was to have serious consequences. </div>
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The view from the Union line at the opening of the battle</div>
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As McCook, I formulated a grand plan, which was to allow Brigadier-General Terrill to fall back, get Brigadier-General Jackson to command Colonel Starkweather's seasoned men personally, and eventually to attack the Rebels on their flank when they made their predicted assault on the hill. Given the numerical superiority the Rebels enjoyed, and the importance of holding that hill in the centre of my position, there seemed little alternative to a counter-attack.</div>
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At first, things went really well for the Union. Appalling die rolls kept some Rebel brigades from advancing at all, leaving Brigadier-General Donelson's green men to climb through the high corn on their own.</div>
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The loneliness of the long-distance assault</div>
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General Terrill refused to retire, however, and instead used his numerical superiority to begin a prolonged, and ultimately highly successful, series of melées against Brigadier-General Maney's men, who were initially unsupported by a battery.</div>
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Overview of the Union left and centre - Peters Hill off to the left out of view</div>
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General Bragg's infuriation with his slow-moving brigades led to a piecemeal attack rather than the co-ordinated blow he had intended to inflict. </div>
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Donelson's brigade was especially exposed in the centre.</div>
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Half-way through the battle, and General Bragg was feeling the heat. The Union command began to have a glimmer of hope that they would be saved by the fall of night, and still yet be able to cling onto their line, both at the stone wall and on the hilltop. But it was not to be. Finally, the Rebel infantry reached Colonel Lytle's men, and began their inevitable assault, assisted by now by a considerable superiority in artillery. </div>
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The Union line under assault - a view from the South-West </div>
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In a dramatic manoeuvre to pincer Cleburne's 2nd brigade, Webster's men charged their front, whilst at the same time Starkweather's brigade, having pushed back Johnson's 3rd brigade, about faced and crashed into their rear. Unfortunately, Starkweather's men were too far to the North-East when they launched their charge, and Cleburne slipped back through the gap. It saved the stone wall position, at least. And it gave me a magnificent feeling of place and participation: it is not often a plan like this comes to fruition in a wargame, albeit that I had envisaged a flank attack, not an about-face.</div>
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Before the Manoeuvre: Brigadier-General Jackson in the centre of the photograph looking earnestly at the rear of the Confederate line, before giving the call to about face and charge.</div>
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After the Union manoeuvre: interpenetration of Webster and Starkweather's brigades at the wall, and Rebels in retreat</div>
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Unfortunately, like so many excellent theoretical plans, it was quite insufficient to win the battle. For meanwhile it had finally all proved too much for the Union brigades holding the hill. The dispatch of Colonel Starkweather's brigade to the left flank, whilst it had brought limited success, came too late to prevent the loss of the central hill and the collapse of the staunch defence put up by Colonel Harris' brigade, which fled the field. Colonel Lytle's men had stood firm, but were now outnumbered 4:1, in evident danger of being outflanked and destroyed in detail, and had to retire.It was small comfort that over on the left flank, Terrill's men had had a great day, with Maney's brigade finally disintegrating. The inadvertent error of stationing the 80th Indiana with him had led to serious consequences: if they had been where they were supposed to have been, the envelopment of Cleburne would have been much more likely. Swings and roundabouts. </div>
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Not how it was supposed to be: McCook stares at a sea of grey in front of him and a sea of blue behind him, and prepares to ride to save his own skin</div>
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We judged the battle a draw, after a very hard-fought action indeed, which was close to the historical result [...]. Overall Confederate casualties were a little higher than the Union, somewhat over 3,600 [3,396] compared to 3,000 [4,241], largely because of their failure to attack in a co-ordinated way in the centre early on, and some very unlucky die rolls at shooting as well - Union forces consistently outshot their opponents, even having to fall back to replenish ammunition on several occasions (a roll of 10 on the decimal die when firing). But these casualties were extremely close to their historical equivalents given the better luck on the day that the Union enjoyed compared to history, and reflected, I like to think, great competence shown by the brigade and divisional commanders as well. </div>
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One of the many great things about the unmistakably ACW feel of <i>Fire and Fury</i> is the way an independent character quickly forms around the brigade commanders, as a result of their die rolls, which in turn enables an assessment of the divisional commanders as well. They come alive as personalities on the table. Of course as Major-General McCook I shall express my great thanks to my own commander, Major-General Buell, to the President, and of course to God. As for the Rebels, as historically, they were nowhere to be seen in the morning....</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-58524244455076842662019-06-16T13:34:00.001+08:002019-06-18T19:35:05.211+08:00The 17th May 1742, exactly as it was historically, only the complete reverse<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">The Battle of Chotusitz</span>, the second, large battle of the War of Austrian Succession (First Silesian War) was the 'subject' of our most recent game set in the mid-18thC (aka 'Mark's period'). Fitting then that his newly 'rediscovered' (i.e. cleaned out) shed was venue for the game that he planned using information from <a href="http://obscurebattles.blogspot.com/2013/03/chotusitz-1742_30.html">Jeff Berry's marvellous 'Obscure Battles' blog</a> and single-handedly staged using his now extensive Prussian and Austrian armies and his/our version of Zimmermann's 'Wargames Handbook'.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The historical action, began as an encounter battle in which Prince Charles Lorraine of Austria saw an opportunity to attack with his army of around 25 000 and destroy Prince Leopold's isolated advance guard of around 12 000.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRA8ZfB2GuSMS7iEkgzWGK9k-Fb7JTFbPz91GwCZ_UogmGYBcsOpBBSkdG2zwG1tmdZiNCNsy6zZHmFmQ3-wE-vD27Xv7LUQjHa4gBPuUTBvu3Gn0QudWJBaM8Ni8hyphenhyphenqwF6SW7eeobPqNT/s1600/Chotusitz_1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="698" data-original-width="1600" height="139" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRA8ZfB2GuSMS7iEkgzWGK9k-Fb7JTFbPz91GwCZ_UogmGYBcsOpBBSkdG2zwG1tmdZiNCNsy6zZHmFmQ3-wE-vD27Xv7LUQjHa4gBPuUTBvu3Gn0QudWJBaM8Ni8hyphenhyphenqwF6SW7eeobPqNT/s320/Chotusitz_1.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Leopold's command, with a 'sea' of white in the distance.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguKtgEaNaF-UraVk5VNdlxClxsIrUnd_UAiYU6s55vTWts9w_JS_C15jI4uC9rgmp53CAAlgCnbpx-IaY22Iri8ln0oiICUEXmWuIWB5MpJ8-c8fXaPOSaw5U8drW5Efb0auHD7JA70iMP/s1600/Chotusitz_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1099" data-original-width="1600" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguKtgEaNaF-UraVk5VNdlxClxsIrUnd_UAiYU6s55vTWts9w_JS_C15jI4uC9rgmp53CAAlgCnbpx-IaY22Iri8ln0oiICUEXmWuIWB5MpJ8-c8fXaPOSaw5U8drW5Efb0auHD7JA70iMP/s320/Chotusitz_2.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Not bad odds; if you are Austrian.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXi0c2Y7kHXpST-5temqeOd52u8VlsxZcvVLbyVUExY4ViB3jqXQb1O0qYz5waQRL1HkwthRIc8oB6TeEv9THerxnTTqVlZIBnT2Tt9DA0h-MrCRiS2xGdSqMBc9vaXuZy12oF4Xkha21I/s1600/Chotusitz_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1045" data-original-width="1600" height="209" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXi0c2Y7kHXpST-5temqeOd52u8VlsxZcvVLbyVUExY4ViB3jqXQb1O0qYz5waQRL1HkwthRIc8oB6TeEv9THerxnTTqVlZIBnT2Tt9DA0h-MrCRiS2xGdSqMBc9vaXuZy12oF4Xkha21I/s320/Chotusitz_3.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Cavalry on the Austrian left/Prussian right.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwuFA-EtRu6NePEczuu4WGiy-cVfaKxP0f3mZ2ZorGPxT-hgcsFH4_2P_fQFrehdce-TlkptdBi2xDJ6qXj0DDMiPVMOE1WH-5_67pyvKPF9e8dtiNg3GC19wdkR4cgNpPTCO2GWTt9RxQ/s1600/Chotusitz_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1009" data-original-width="1600" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwuFA-EtRu6NePEczuu4WGiy-cVfaKxP0f3mZ2ZorGPxT-hgcsFH4_2P_fQFrehdce-TlkptdBi2xDJ6qXj0DDMiPVMOE1WH-5_67pyvKPF9e8dtiNg3GC19wdkR4cgNpPTCO2GWTt9RxQ/s320/Chotusitz_4.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Austrians began with my favourite, subtle tactic, 'advance everywhere'. I advanced my infantry slightly, so as not to be pushed from the board.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM717MExRlajwKajrq3_DUDUVCQJEt3CKgEPyNIppgwv1GqO9aQ8V3O9Tlk-HyeXfHBUEmLi8dr4_M3krWBmNVr7pnwTsoZ-GnLeQ4iFRxruScyR9MuMeAzErXKaj16xnoCTl-EWy4pbjg/s1600/Chotusitz_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="929" data-original-width="1600" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhM717MExRlajwKajrq3_DUDUVCQJEt3CKgEPyNIppgwv1GqO9aQ8V3O9Tlk-HyeXfHBUEmLi8dr4_M3krWBmNVr7pnwTsoZ-GnLeQ4iFRxruScyR9MuMeAzErXKaj16xnoCTl-EWy4pbjg/s320/Chotusitz_5.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On the Prussian right, I pushed the cuirassiers forward slightly as I had a 'cunning plan'.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgps62nXIpFtQtbU9LYTYmYfeg-dxy86nQiX7-HMDPEFuATrj1MfsAW2bUf50mxK8EeQNeywg3fF-4mQ8Ypu-xOssXpvDWbhYm0g22mfxScyx-UTMfraZJaU7EX3Y9m1bEq9G8W74LwXYzl/s1600/Chotusitz_6.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="818" data-original-width="1600" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgps62nXIpFtQtbU9LYTYmYfeg-dxy86nQiX7-HMDPEFuATrj1MfsAW2bUf50mxK8EeQNeywg3fF-4mQ8Ypu-xOssXpvDWbhYm0g22mfxScyx-UTMfraZJaU7EX3Y9m1bEq9G8W74LwXYzl/s320/Chotusitz_6.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Good news for we Prussians as the lead elements of the heavy cav. arrived on the left.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiak2LfZHdjc5ya86jWs-Q-u5Q42esU4e40dbow_D82_GexUju7RzMd-L5BKpFJVvBonjNWaiZ9pq_JB9tojiIjljMyYF9DaoHlpMn9zq4lXFMQe9SCjvL6Le7x4119VNNDJYqdjdASBL_x/s1600/Chotusitz_7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiak2LfZHdjc5ya86jWs-Q-u5Q42esU4e40dbow_D82_GexUju7RzMd-L5BKpFJVvBonjNWaiZ9pq_JB9tojiIjljMyYF9DaoHlpMn9zq4lXFMQe9SCjvL6Le7x4119VNNDJYqdjdASBL_x/s320/Chotusitz_7.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Jeetze's infantry awaited the arrival of the white horde.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The following events left me feeling pretty happy with things at this early stage.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGSyXAFW4mQihvwA9HeQqZPtjBXYmzLtLbHu3_pl09eV-6JxVPkrZq6qXiVDF9wYdIFMxUjyS8PoI7Pu54qEBQ7dLlrlTIZiTuA8WMA4CM_2G9zBDW27RthIEV-wKPTF_Q2FO6EoXPTRUb/s1600/Chotusitz_8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1135" data-original-width="1600" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGSyXAFW4mQihvwA9HeQqZPtjBXYmzLtLbHu3_pl09eV-6JxVPkrZq6qXiVDF9wYdIFMxUjyS8PoI7Pu54qEBQ7dLlrlTIZiTuA8WMA4CM_2G9zBDW27RthIEV-wKPTF_Q2FO6EoXPTRUb/s320/Chotusitz_8.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Waldow's lead 7th cuirassiers managed to deploy, with the 12th behind. Still outnumbered, but at least not in road column.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvBl-nmzQbRWGH734GRahI5NgH9eufdPqfPo7HZL6AafbOSqjc_aWyPFmByqvArvXYXDg-tDwt6_Ymf3RbRconuBeIDMEZIIn7_nSRfDZ7NoNkzhzLglUikY4n7-HBSUDqwiStBXHIdG19/s1600/Chotusitz_9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1096" data-original-width="1600" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvBl-nmzQbRWGH734GRahI5NgH9eufdPqfPo7HZL6AafbOSqjc_aWyPFmByqvArvXYXDg-tDwt6_Ymf3RbRconuBeIDMEZIIn7_nSRfDZ7NoNkzhzLglUikY4n7-HBSUDqwiStBXHIdG19/s320/Chotusitz_9.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A sneaking unit of infantry loaned a hand, unseating some of the Austrian heavies who opposed Waldow's men.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6D3Kfm3TWTBtZJKqOi3byqXi2XwjavPL9woC5boeOWIB3pDHHpEMV4obtXUpkPJ-5eI1_GLobT_U8QgWrKfW8ssJNIZvXXT8fxoTN0WqbIsQr7zu5S33dSxoSB2nX9rOemYfVXBpxZdX_/s1600/Chotusitz_10.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="940" data-original-width="1600" height="187" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6D3Kfm3TWTBtZJKqOi3byqXi2XwjavPL9woC5boeOWIB3pDHHpEMV4obtXUpkPJ-5eI1_GLobT_U8QgWrKfW8ssJNIZvXXT8fxoTN0WqbIsQr7zu5S33dSxoSB2nX9rOemYfVXBpxZdX_/s320/Chotusitz_10.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ha ha! My cunning plan. Prussian heavies on the right charged the Austrians, ensuring the advantage of the charge impetus not afforded to their foes. </span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">The Zimmermann rules operate in two 'cycles' in which the first player moves half distance, second then follows, any artillery/musket fire occurs, then second player moves second half, followed by the first and any mêlées are conducted. Troops that did not move in the first cycle may conduct a full charge move. This is what I did with my cuirassiers, fortunately getting the '2' to '3' on the die required for each of the three right-most units in photo. The Austrians did their part and 3/4 units failed to loose their carbines effectively.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Four mêlées in which we had the advantage, surely it should go pretty well?</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZYBbxtBqldF-rzf2zIJgmgBQg-W7nMXglFFldmZPDVCV1Qz4Y_HuMiI3qP8Wd6fx1yGx2b46M2Pgs8KsZSMYhlQTEqbVX-idf0xkypsoJwtJW3r0hSgnf-dnHGo99_n1-mzZ89DrRvd6F/s1600/Chotusitz_11.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZYBbxtBqldF-rzf2zIJgmgBQg-W7nMXglFFldmZPDVCV1Qz4Y_HuMiI3qP8Wd6fx1yGx2b46M2Pgs8KsZSMYhlQTEqbVX-idf0xkypsoJwtJW3r0hSgnf-dnHGo99_n1-mzZ89DrRvd6F/s320/Chotusitz_11.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">What the phuck?! Apologies dear reader, but I was astonished and full of 'blue' language as 3/4 mêlées were lost, two Prussian units retreated in disorder, two standards lost, to one captured, while the only defeated Austrian unit retreated in order. So much for the cunning plan...</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5Ir-Cvaj0xtsj4j5iXBLDRMfJr_Kw0K9fTSNnvCCZZiatwyayVBo4x18guUzBbMn5CSoHd4tfzgYiJynHE7FTHXmrviou7qNH_Vd_27UBtt4z7dYGcpoTBEOloKwqvdfjzYOqMqcHRmQV/s1600/Chotusitz_12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1152" data-original-width="1600" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5Ir-Cvaj0xtsj4j5iXBLDRMfJr_Kw0K9fTSNnvCCZZiatwyayVBo4x18guUzBbMn5CSoHd4tfzgYiJynHE7FTHXmrviou7qNH_Vd_27UBtt4z7dYGcpoTBEOloKwqvdfjzYOqMqcHRmQV/s320/Chotusitz_12.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This was repeated on the left, admittedly where the Prussians had the lower odds thanks to the failure of the 12th cuirassiers to assist their fellows. This also left them (the 12th) 'stuck' in place (and effectively blocking the bridge, at the crossing of the creek).</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBYmks3MfUWzPxH566Ihyby78-i8RgmKd8oDdgAjEvKzdoK8BDYRwVcP-2fULw3Jouammq7yvtebW8wT5bxnSixrKmdizsfhnRO74A_C9fzwtq8520_MscoGuTDF6ggQ5H8dWZJIk7tOE_/s1600/Chotusitz_13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="972" data-original-width="1600" height="194" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBYmks3MfUWzPxH566Ihyby78-i8RgmKd8oDdgAjEvKzdoK8BDYRwVcP-2fULw3Jouammq7yvtebW8wT5bxnSixrKmdizsfhnRO74A_C9fzwtq8520_MscoGuTDF6ggQ5H8dWZJIk7tOE_/s320/Chotusitz_13.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At least the first exchange of volleys had not gone too badly for our 'boys in blue'. We had, however, taken more casualties where we needed to inflict more.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7upsP4CZhmttwWISbs736rGFsitPvZK42xKphL5kuRAfoIc8SJz8oWyPP27j_LghNrcfQH7bAatP0B4I4tYDSLP-zy3Lusj33jF1J0rw-8zgh4CUZRUfu5o864XjTjXpYC1bDm_vTpxAn/s1600/Chotusitz_14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1082" data-original-width="1600" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7upsP4CZhmttwWISbs736rGFsitPvZK42xKphL5kuRAfoIc8SJz8oWyPP27j_LghNrcfQH7bAatP0B4I4tYDSLP-zy3Lusj33jF1J0rw-8zgh4CUZRUfu5o864XjTjXpYC1bDm_vTpxAn/s320/Chotusitz_14.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Back on the right, I sent the 3rd dragoons against the nearest Austrians (dragoons). Needed a '2' or better. Rolled '1'. Oh dear, that left them ripe to be charged in the next turn.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVZqCOyDJP8om5cdM5qf9xCl4wNbQX7I4knaDFbr2Qm8EF1rR5DMwasBQEhsT88NhX4f4BEp8LQEVyNx1lhTLNqTeR0wJOWaJ3ynT6oTAxTpvX2ZjpZi9_FiLwo9SEWQx8CXMsS5wmSGfw/s1600/Chotusitz_15.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="883" data-original-width="1600" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVZqCOyDJP8om5cdM5qf9xCl4wNbQX7I4knaDFbr2Qm8EF1rR5DMwasBQEhsT88NhX4f4BEp8LQEVyNx1lhTLNqTeR0wJOWaJ3ynT6oTAxTpvX2ZjpZi9_FiLwo9SEWQx8CXMsS5wmSGfw/s320/Chotusitz_15.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">At this point the Austrians were, rightly, feeling pretty chuffed with the situation.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_NdKDlkva17iSkc3YDnp1H3OiYaZVtARR7B-AElnPgyGfqrZNJZp7CEsllxKf1gW0bwvgqBPJg_DrIC7urLtbRskCPKzLi5bbtim6mbgN0dEm4Jv62I4TRgM2IsI9W316RtdOUh7XlWXG/s1600/Chotusitz_16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1204" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_NdKDlkva17iSkc3YDnp1H3OiYaZVtARR7B-AElnPgyGfqrZNJZp7CEsllxKf1gW0bwvgqBPJg_DrIC7urLtbRskCPKzLi5bbtim6mbgN0dEm4Jv62I4TRgM2IsI9W316RtdOUh7XlWXG/s320/Chotusitz_16.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Then, the greatest captain of his age sprung his trap. On he came with the main Prussian infantry. Look at all those lovely grenadiers. Wvenge, wvenge, time for me to have some fun! In a turn or two we'd be smashing through that Austrian centre, I thought.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVX8hxRQNnbrhLtxL1QtU1k94maK6cdspr-mfDcEWZ28RxkKnVCd9h5F95ueeBvUPyxl58DeTkBXtRUEjlYl5WBRvmJQj05Z4ZT6OXh3Qu7no0eW_V2xc4X9FJK4Y8uRegslrkdl8IN1F7/s1600/Chotusitz_17.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVX8hxRQNnbrhLtxL1QtU1k94maK6cdspr-mfDcEWZ28RxkKnVCd9h5F95ueeBvUPyxl58DeTkBXtRUEjlYl5WBRvmJQj05Z4ZT6OXh3Qu7no0eW_V2xc4X9FJK4Y8uRegslrkdl8IN1F7/s320/Chotusitz_17.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Not again? On the left, the 5th cuirassiers (heavily disguised) at full strength, charged the formerly victorious, now somewhat undermanned Austrians, who were unable to get the impetus bonus. I have to stop rolling '5's in mélée (two dice). Even though my opponents were only rolling '8's or '9's it was sufficient. More 'blue' language...</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuUrtiqpaa0lckoPl8IjNOGbOLG0ysbrcfDXuwi9tDc_kYQcOzzJpkWSmK2g0PprUgMFv03JNZ1_gbgytfAeQ4KU8E48r28VfpQcDB5m5nLKwUOCcq_Y21TEGb2N_HfvDMWrgOz_Z98MxU/s1600/Chotusitz_18.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuUrtiqpaa0lckoPl8IjNOGbOLG0ysbrcfDXuwi9tDc_kYQcOzzJpkWSmK2g0PprUgMFv03JNZ1_gbgytfAeQ4KU8E48r28VfpQcDB5m5nLKwUOCcq_Y21TEGb2N_HfvDMWrgOz_Z98MxU/s320/Chotusitz_18.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Perhaps a 'fit of pique'?</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I figured that it was better for what remained of Jeetze's infantry to charge against the weakest Austrians rather than to stand and get 'blown' away or to withdrawal, since that would have left them ripe to be charged in the rear in the next turn.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It wasn't.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjezm7hSsjS251hrHS9xt-llBKP-Tiuyn0Yb3duIJyQ4qbrr7YzgqSVUZvMWkqGwLY1bjVNAYQw6iOGkJZUQSRgBJzFJaFXaTNYwg3o_muSCM7qHXqvIWg0ko5pS67V5BlAHQj6AecTqX5d/s1600/Chotusitz_21a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1000" data-original-width="1600" height="199" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjezm7hSsjS251hrHS9xt-llBKP-Tiuyn0Yb3duIJyQ4qbrr7YzgqSVUZvMWkqGwLY1bjVNAYQw6iOGkJZUQSRgBJzFJaFXaTNYwg3o_muSCM7qHXqvIWg0ko5pS67V5BlAHQj6AecTqX5d/s320/Chotusitz_21a.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another cavalry mêlée on the right. Combat factors around 70 to 60, so we were behind, but it only needed a few 'pips' more on the dice to win.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UMGEumEOebnmJw_wc8KUtxH_bHW6VBJoSeZFXhxtQT0KPyhAr-OlRs864sQ9Xj29m92fL9F38NVh0jhHYz4TWXdeUiJdNsAKJCZpSP6dcAtlCVNuj0EaCKEVyz6qkdw5bSWLMmwlVi2a/s1600/Chotusitz_21b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1088" data-original-width="1600" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2UMGEumEOebnmJw_wc8KUtxH_bHW6VBJoSeZFXhxtQT0KPyhAr-OlRs864sQ9Xj29m92fL9F38NVh0jhHYz4TWXdeUiJdNsAKJCZpSP6dcAtlCVNuj0EaCKEVyz6qkdw5bSWLMmwlVi2a/s320/Chotusitz_21b.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Nah. *And* Buddenbrock was captured.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Of all things, it was a unit of pesky hussars that victoriously charged into the rear of the beaten Prussian cuirassiers. They panicked, as did three of their mates.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The language was bluer than a West Australian summer sky!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC3Gdoxob-tqHE1aQsMYh0BfPsRpFIU9eiPO-8xyDS7F00thTeaz3Hl8CJv-GYUi2hNHDuithXOJZt6T578wKK4-Nk0gUSfu_jPADORep2ip0FCSdsKltJP9IP9HWrrY14RY04gxVxhZSC/s1600/Chotusitz_23.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="829" data-original-width="1600" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhC3Gdoxob-tqHE1aQsMYh0BfPsRpFIU9eiPO-8xyDS7F00thTeaz3Hl8CJv-GYUi2hNHDuithXOJZt6T578wKK4-Nk0gUSfu_jPADORep2ip0FCSdsKltJP9IP9HWrrY14RY04gxVxhZSC/s320/Chotusitz_23.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In what was to be the final act of the day, most of the cavalry on the left decided to withdraw along with the defeated 5th cuirassiers. Basically putting them back to the starting positions.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">With only one unit of Leopold's (Jeetze's) infantry still on the board and five cavalry units gone, the Prussian losses required an army withdrawal test at over 1/4 losses. There is a 2/3 chance to pass. I rolled a '2'. Game over.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">While basically decided by the die roll, it would have been a sensible decision for Frederick, as the photos below demonstrate. Leopold's command was shattered. In a repeat of the historical Mollwitz, the Prussian heavy cavalry had performed dismally. By withdrawing, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Frederick could fight another day, keep his developing name intact, while laying the blame at the feet of Leopold.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNkUE0mjVIVv5UvYvmUL8k7l1xUFme2RZIFlRkEISalQKdlZvMYRnRtbE-_zPCUGRmkp0k_ng2pSNtaWKU7A3jBB_OuGsUvCq_Fu7XnLzmaE01Iuj8fKdO7Cnx-00PRsLtYkrTZODa9Qv_/s1600/Chotusitz_25.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="884" data-original-width="1600" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNkUE0mjVIVv5UvYvmUL8k7l1xUFme2RZIFlRkEISalQKdlZvMYRnRtbE-_zPCUGRmkp0k_ng2pSNtaWKU7A3jBB_OuGsUvCq_Fu7XnLzmaE01Iuj8fKdO7Cnx-00PRsLtYkrTZODa9Qv_/s320/Chotusitz_25.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivLmka3Hgw8UqAsL33DCZwy8poYzMI0KOPfyR0qwOGaO-SOwZGFjrERQ1dSusxt1o8rD1aWF622_NdhFPIG-RDF6DLl0vVQvR09Mf_P_qXNsuWikOCgPnG5EKmAwZbPf-ueh1lnAab2HMe/s1600/Chotusitz_26.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1033" data-original-width="1600" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivLmka3Hgw8UqAsL33DCZwy8poYzMI0KOPfyR0qwOGaO-SOwZGFjrERQ1dSusxt1o8rD1aWF622_NdhFPIG-RDF6DLl0vVQvR09Mf_P_qXNsuWikOCgPnG5EKmAwZbPf-ueh1lnAab2HMe/s320/Chotusitz_26.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The game statistics add weight to the sense of the die in this decision.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Prussians</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Captured two flags, lost 158 figures.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Victory points 8</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Captured four flags, captured General Buddenbrock and suffered 89 figure losses.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Victory points 19</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So, the game lasted four turns (hours) and ended with one army withdrawing. As Mark quipped, "...it was exactly the same as the historical action, only the complete reverse"!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I don't usually like to blame the dice, so reflected on what I did wrong. Since it was the accumulated losses that were the Prussian undoing, I guess my mistake was to leave Jeetze's/Leopold's men under fire for too long. I should have manoeuvred to form two lines and enabled a withdrawal/exchange. This may well have worked as the Austrians would have taken too long to outflank the Prussians, perhaps...</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com21tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-53846533513980009282019-05-26T11:18:00.000+08:002020-03-06T11:09:12.417+08:00Battle of Craonne, 7 March 1814: can one ever improve upon the Emperor's plans?<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The scenario we picked was straight 'out of the box' - thanks to Chris Leach for producing a very easy to set up and finely balanced scenario out of the wider historical battle, optimised for Shako. Here it is:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdFRrBtJHwpaZdwnQ1fVSGdJVux7k9SPwVCWdYJSR1vRaHahUqjMX7jiEZN4JhR8UEWCU47BRZWIYVYPEESwekiw7sjH34jNLCoI5tH6_3WRF7UALmU_sMmihrO_D5DPKBjDoQCm0TER0/s1600/Craonne+Scenario.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="812" data-original-width="1082" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdFRrBtJHwpaZdwnQ1fVSGdJVux7k9SPwVCWdYJSR1vRaHahUqjMX7jiEZN4JhR8UEWCU47BRZWIYVYPEESwekiw7sjH34jNLCoI5tH6_3WRF7UALmU_sMmihrO_D5DPKBjDoQCm0TER0/s320/Craonne+Scenario.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">And the order of battle here, heavy on Imperial Guard as historically:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikK0H5t0Pkij-YMHwhE2536gZvKm3V6Ywamue5Totz0GeOgtbQ-u4mn5V8zURmIXqhMerkh2ASsExOrRQdjK0zVksGypP9RWJy6oUolrp93LmsO0ib4xw9TXgoQUopi8y73hiQaVQnl-U/s1600/IMG_20190524_103138.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="358" data-original-width="477" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikK0H5t0Pkij-YMHwhE2536gZvKm3V6Ywamue5Totz0GeOgtbQ-u4mn5V8zURmIXqhMerkh2ASsExOrRQdjK0zVksGypP9RWJy6oUolrp93LmsO0ib4xw9TXgoQUopi8y73hiQaVQnl-U/s320/IMG_20190524_103138.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">As numerous historical sources attest, the historical encounter was both 'one of the most desperately contested battles in which Napoleon ever took part' (Maycock) and also one where it very tempting to believe that with a change of plan - something more ambitious, perhaps - it might be possible to outfox the Russians and win a more comprehensive victory than was achieved on the day. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Such was my intention, anyway, as the surrogate Napoleon on the day. It was, however, an undoubtedly strong defensive position - below, viewed from the East. This was a battle where reputations could be very easy to bury. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGvPcSKaS7H6AZtOGkxiVYX8gqh3lK5-OedP6nt0uRx-nlRxU8zeH-Q1ll2MVxW9Ia9rsQiE7KmGQVk3hn8fMvQZ_eM3d_tR22zPg8CtRcS7cEP-0pRhW2G4deDqaSnLgTAIZ1BzQWaH4/s1600/IMG_20190524_122635.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGvPcSKaS7H6AZtOGkxiVYX8gqh3lK5-OedP6nt0uRx-nlRxU8zeH-Q1ll2MVxW9Ia9rsQiE7KmGQVk3hn8fMvQZ_eM3d_tR22zPg8CtRcS7cEP-0pRhW2G4deDqaSnLgTAIZ1BzQWaH4/s320/IMG_20190524_122635.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Historically, Ney attacked directly up the slope in the trees visible in the left background of the picture, with Grouchy in support. My plan was for Marshal Ney and General Grouchy to march north, to beyond the wooded area in Leach's map, and only then swing West to attack Gen. Vuitsch, in the left foreground of the picture. If he could be dislodged, I reckoned, then Gen. Laptiev would look dangerously exposed, whilst Gen. Boyer could be relied upon to dislodge Gen. Swarikin from Heurtebise, especially with the eventual support of Gen. Charpentier's troops after Move 5. It was nothing if not simple. But there were evidently huge risks. Who would want cavalry alone challenging a ridge, for example, as Gen. Nansouty would be asked to? </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJzlWImDie8FpVqqdTPDnAuJ-wcl7VEfXTUd3W5LTF2fxTrqhuRoY7JmDHEVflqQOUmxilcL5yhMrz8MTuIte3yndJX-U0tEWiAwQ6qfvDMzZ36z-aNvu7uz3mykdHU4clIF7EQAtrqHo/s1600/Plan.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="526" data-original-width="701" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiJzlWImDie8FpVqqdTPDnAuJ-wcl7VEfXTUd3W5LTF2fxTrqhuRoY7JmDHEVflqQOUmxilcL5yhMrz8MTuIte3yndJX-U0tEWiAwQ6qfvDMzZ36z-aNvu7uz3mykdHU4clIF7EQAtrqHo/s320/Plan.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">And my real concern was that Gen. Vorontzov would order an immediate attack and cut Ney off - a risk that I seemed to have averted, as the movement began.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglmKA0XtpayJktkpKtPB5LKBKZeSait86bhuJvU_w4b4K2kc1lq-mmfi2bRIvAKsQ137DDDLLyxku6G1VUZgVg7EgRRKCLd9WwBE_EarpBqM86TwKQH51rZILYhyVfTX_Z34oMQ40SDy0/s1600/M1+Missed+Opportunity+Q.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="624" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglmKA0XtpayJktkpKtPB5LKBKZeSait86bhuJvU_w4b4K2kc1lq-mmfi2bRIvAKsQ137DDDLLyxku6G1VUZgVg7EgRRKCLd9WwBE_EarpBqM86TwKQH51rZILYhyVfTX_Z34oMQ40SDy0/s320/M1+Missed+Opportunity+Q.jpg" width="240" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">And so the plan was on its way, or rather, Ney and Grouchy were on their way, the latter commanding my favourite French troops, the dragoons. .</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguWDR1reCJpf2vdVZC2y1u59ejyFdMkzH19O61SlC7a7qF-oLtWO0cQivbUoY0qsSVpZSuJAXOMgiZQUa5wTg5WbIGx7L7vQ8T6hItP9QuYQXIzOnk9hfYmjKehyo6GHwEUzfGjcaJIjQ/s1600/Ney+and+Grouchy+M1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguWDR1reCJpf2vdVZC2y1u59ejyFdMkzH19O61SlC7a7qF-oLtWO0cQivbUoY0qsSVpZSuJAXOMgiZQUa5wTg5WbIGx7L7vQ8T6hItP9QuYQXIzOnk9hfYmjKehyo6GHwEUzfGjcaJIjQ/s320/Ney+and+Grouchy+M1.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">At the end of the second move, they had got this far, and seemed out of danger from a flank attack - even the Russian artillery firing had been sporadic and relatively ineffective, whilst the skirmisher exchange had been even-handed:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzJut4oMpWU_XmEXcxbWVQ4zXSnuSsYZv-notXUsrplOyJIPcKP7gyY586QNOiVa6ZtiB9jzdkFjrxjpIXZIBk0H5fRAIgYoLLok5JA7lr6rxEba8fMwLmeHawjQwdMonxe3OvkNrg8hg/s1600/Onwards+Ney+and+Grouchy+M2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzJut4oMpWU_XmEXcxbWVQ4zXSnuSsYZv-notXUsrplOyJIPcKP7gyY586QNOiVa6ZtiB9jzdkFjrxjpIXZIBk0H5fRAIgYoLLok5JA7lr6rxEba8fMwLmeHawjQwdMonxe3OvkNrg8hg/s320/Onwards+Ney+and+Grouchy+M2.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Apparently there had been orders to the Russian reserve under Gen. Stzawitzski, although what they were, I never found out - I was told they were later contradicted.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6ObDAt-kUVHjY62WHxIi9jSVKJlj007DG4wd4ppDhWxxZR_Dj4q02VxRjhbvARDdyemrlf-2V1AToNKOBWc79cH9KuK6Rl7n4kGNjoz6CtQ_BbnsgpRfFX10S-xIAtBI3lknKP6cnB30/s1600/Russian+reserve+M1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6ObDAt-kUVHjY62WHxIi9jSVKJlj007DG4wd4ppDhWxxZR_Dj4q02VxRjhbvARDdyemrlf-2V1AToNKOBWc79cH9KuK6Rl7n4kGNjoz6CtQ_BbnsgpRfFX10S-xIAtBI3lknKP6cnB30/s320/Russian+reserve+M1.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Events were about to supersede them in any event. Gen. Boyer, acceding to the command as historically, was about to press his attack on Heurtebise. How long to cross the woods, I wondered, how long?</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdZC8dFmKulANA3ku95wC6oRo113c7lsjSm82qnWRhH5TbLpatKjx8sBKjZMtEzjsp6HUa6Mz1Js4IVPojrj5nL9vE481Hmc-uC8PsgSTMvsyvjwdp7epqaDlc1y5sZwl8rAFj9z8Wfac/s1600/Boyer+to+the+attack+M2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdZC8dFmKulANA3ku95wC6oRo113c7lsjSm82qnWRhH5TbLpatKjx8sBKjZMtEzjsp6HUa6Mz1Js4IVPojrj5nL9vE481Hmc-uC8PsgSTMvsyvjwdp7epqaDlc1y5sZwl8rAFj9z8Wfac/s320/Boyer+to+the+attack+M2.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The next move brought Ney almost into action. The 1st Young Guard Regiment, seen on the left of the picture heading up the 1st Young Guard Division, were to cover themselves with glory in the battle. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwNYRFnhsK1Da9MmoLR_Vq8wPZRSNkR7WnXUQE9BFy0HJijZKu5OVe0TKtgZplvuf5LalDcv46O9S52a2Kp7LQHGO5yoBNbmEJmHGG4wkKR_pfERRgBTwCdtbOL1q2upYn7bNFToh0tFA/s1600/Ney+Rounds+the+Corner+M3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwNYRFnhsK1Da9MmoLR_Vq8wPZRSNkR7WnXUQE9BFy0HJijZKu5OVe0TKtgZplvuf5LalDcv46O9S52a2Kp7LQHGO5yoBNbmEJmHGG4wkKR_pfERRgBTwCdtbOL1q2upYn7bNFToh0tFA/s320/Ney+Rounds+the+Corner+M3.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">But I can assure you, those Russian lines looked steady and formidable, and with additional defence benefits, this was to be a mighty difficult obstacle. Maybe that gun might be the weak point? It won't get the defence bonus.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">I must not omit events on the French left, though. Gen. Nansouty's cavalry were engaged in the wide outflanking manoeuvre they'd been ordered to execute, with the objective of disruption rather than actual achievement. The Guard cavalry had not performed especially well, the Russian 2nd Hussar Regiment distinguishing itself with courage and verve. Here the position at the end of Move Four.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7sDVCDg5EhyphenhyphenUnL8XshsUIWue0G6Qo9WXljKDUw62hip_cGTvHtBrm6D_j44osTKKpu4nkO2E_qIeonmY7M9B1wHESmkSyAsO2XkUKfXKsPIXQpCrnKEXS4wF9bZU3bpqFCYz10rb6SbM/s1600/Attack+of+the+French+Cavalry+on+left+flank+Move+4+I+think.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7sDVCDg5EhyphenhyphenUnL8XshsUIWue0G6Qo9WXljKDUw62hip_cGTvHtBrm6D_j44osTKKpu4nkO2E_qIeonmY7M9B1wHESmkSyAsO2XkUKfXKsPIXQpCrnKEXS4wF9bZU3bpqFCYz10rb6SbM/s320/Attack+of+the+French+Cavalry+on+left+flank+Move+4+I+think.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Events then moved apace. Marshal Ney's attack began, and it must be admitted that from now on, the die rolls were with me. In the picture below Marshall Grouchy is in the foreground, rounding the corner and preparing to assist in the attack. How many divisions would they put to flight between them? </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcB9C0ZQVL1l7oB2jXmo1MXB2-icyISnooYyDMfzJb8MIWYkSGKWVCEw977Sn_fdFQraPQUoazV2NsKXZwvRneM1vPNMW_AU68mgj0XSu92Loxp-zcmNdlCKzQvhlZKqx9HtfABFs56pk/s1600/Overall+Situation+Move+4+GTG.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcB9C0ZQVL1l7oB2jXmo1MXB2-icyISnooYyDMfzJb8MIWYkSGKWVCEw977Sn_fdFQraPQUoazV2NsKXZwvRneM1vPNMW_AU68mgj0XSu92Loxp-zcmNdlCKzQvhlZKqx9HtfABFs56pk/s320/Overall+Situation+Move+4+GTG.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">There was the undisputed bravery of the 1st Young Guard Regiment, about to engage in the decisive moment of the day, the storming of the heights by taking the Russian gun and establishing a foothold on the scarp. Gen. Meunier's finest moment: as he said privately of the Regiment, </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">«</span><i style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ils ont gagné la bataille par eux-mêmes</i><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">»</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #212121; font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; white-space: pre-wrap;">.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaTT73ah1XmeuXNR1qqGjylE6GxFeBwv8qBvl9cHxL6qpD2RWQEGoCT7TGhHEUmuwXVZeHkKEw56DnHsZ06u3XsaLQTrlBKdVza8jOH7QQhPWBVrqt2AoqXkT5Iaknu3oI9UrJNzk4RhQ/s1600/Young+Guard+the+decisive+moment+M5+Q.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaTT73ah1XmeuXNR1qqGjylE6GxFeBwv8qBvl9cHxL6qpD2RWQEGoCT7TGhHEUmuwXVZeHkKEw56DnHsZ06u3XsaLQTrlBKdVza8jOH7QQhPWBVrqt2AoqXkT5Iaknu3oI9UrJNzk4RhQ/s320/Young+Guard+the+decisive+moment+M5+Q.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif; text-align: justify;">Combined arms was the objective, however: </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY85laJiiRYZva3LFfJlZfqowkSl5tc0t0LF6wq90mwYBd7KgCw1G2-r1B6xffcDLrCeVH54rg13J5xItNoXmNP04xW5KifjShsZTBsgXet_iYSx44D3DnGDxAuuO61cdJ7WZ45aKVFfk/s1600/Advance+up+to+the+hill+is+this+Move+5+Q.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjY85laJiiRYZva3LFfJlZfqowkSl5tc0t0LF6wq90mwYBd7KgCw1G2-r1B6xffcDLrCeVH54rg13J5xItNoXmNP04xW5KifjShsZTBsgXet_iYSx44D3DnGDxAuuO61cdJ7WZ45aKVFfk/s320/Advance+up+to+the+hill+is+this+Move+5+Q.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">And combined arms the achievement, as the French gun finally got into action and 5th Dragoons and 1st Young Guard, having gained the heights by overwhelming the gun, between them crashed into hapless Russian battalions.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijDBAW9vTCVQ89X6527guFEmmbHAdpAb2hu8nyc0Qos1Ik5ozAILZFm8NLfaKogm-Bm-kXYhvnIiLOxmRPSkz5yNMXfRyTeBCZJZf6ZZ-uxzaM8A438Dg4tAOODMpMaZiA3fvFMLxk1Bc/s1600/That+is+the+Way+to+Do+it+Move+Six.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijDBAW9vTCVQ89X6527guFEmmbHAdpAb2hu8nyc0Qos1Ik5ozAILZFm8NLfaKogm-Bm-kXYhvnIiLOxmRPSkz5yNMXfRyTeBCZJZf6ZZ-uxzaM8A438Dg4tAOODMpMaZiA3fvFMLxk1Bc/s320/That+is+the+Way+to+Do+it+Move+Six.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">Gen. Grouchy's dragoons, which had rolled 6 after 6 for initiative and ended up swamped in staff officers, continued to sweep round the flank:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-GxdjzqXyGHNl3yeTr6OE-gNsTYu8t4uLtP5N-At_W5m1hyNDGixY-WB8vuIUSCJXfS0voGS-hhcIBZI9298U_x8ZQZ4jrxMGGpU3vy2Naz9O71w6NqiqghUf473xkzBqup0bIkeq610/s1600/Grouchy+Dragoons+on+the+Move+Move+Six.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-GxdjzqXyGHNl3yeTr6OE-gNsTYu8t4uLtP5N-At_W5m1hyNDGixY-WB8vuIUSCJXfS0voGS-hhcIBZI9298U_x8ZQZ4jrxMGGpU3vy2Naz9O71w6NqiqghUf473xkzBqup0bIkeq610/s320/Grouchy+Dragoons+on+the+Move+Move+Six.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">And now indeed the overall position was beginning to look perilous for the Russians, with Vuitsch's division being pushed back and Gen. Swarikin under attack from both Gen. Charpentier and Gen. Boyer, by Turn Six. </span><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">The mass French artillery, however, though they looked mighty impressive, achieved absolutely nothing during the entire game. Dice can be so cruel.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCfCJ_9lEFYNo29Jty5Z96Jy8voklA2rj8qusLI5YkfV9s2ZIb8fCtbqf0O_iYwsAp1EZhZwMQF_z8Ak5ABH37qrGqo_0yf5aMGClCsjrktuuqtPbnTYUtCpAgaNTteI0T_-_9kj-M8_4/s1600/The+Useless+French+Guns+Move+Six.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCfCJ_9lEFYNo29Jty5Z96Jy8voklA2rj8qusLI5YkfV9s2ZIb8fCtbqf0O_iYwsAp1EZhZwMQF_z8Ak5ABH37qrGqo_0yf5aMGClCsjrktuuqtPbnTYUtCpAgaNTteI0T_-_9kj-M8_4/s320/The+Useless+French+Guns+Move+Six.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">As late afternoon beams of sunlight crossed the battlefield, the plight of Gen. Voronzov became clear. Here, the overall position on Move Seven.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ-xM9z4jpjmIwdugWwqpLPvh12WpBgf1xVouhyphenhyphenX6chQIzLYPQ6gWzygVc6JsXXObttn9iaG4Lw4LQXcAUP8Ra9YB1WO1ZrtiGlx4kl-ps1vH0iOUH5knZXe4tTIzSWst1nqqzMUuz8-s/s1600/Overall+view+Move+7+Q.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJ-xM9z4jpjmIwdugWwqpLPvh12WpBgf1xVouhyphenhyphenX6chQIzLYPQ6gWzygVc6JsXXObttn9iaG4Lw4LQXcAUP8Ra9YB1WO1ZrtiGlx4kl-ps1vH0iOUH5knZXe4tTIzSWst1nqqzMUuz8-s/s320/Overall+view+Move+7+Q.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">And here, the desperate defence of Gen. Laptiev, who succeeded in extricating himself, to the general relief of the Allies. </span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNcug7PCyS8imHZ4pRrJE9IPhKCDA-tu-lKNKmV7h5zPIF5MM-MhAxIKoQJJfLMEvQN3-jSD4BAvnBd1cV4VnFriEOrzuAltVcuNvZCG4viFo8yIFIfuQEmiMBzCp0OcsHOY08HmjzO04/s1600/One+Russian+division+broken+Move+8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="832" data-original-width="1110" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNcug7PCyS8imHZ4pRrJE9IPhKCDA-tu-lKNKmV7h5zPIF5MM-MhAxIKoQJJfLMEvQN3-jSD4BAvnBd1cV4VnFriEOrzuAltVcuNvZCG4viFo8yIFIfuQEmiMBzCp0OcsHOY08HmjzO04/s320/One+Russian+division+broken+Move+8.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">But with two Russian divisions broken by Move Nine, we decided to call the battle for the French - a victory, but not a glorious victory, which would only have been possible if three Russian divisions had been broken in the <i>same</i> turn. If not, the action would have continued until the end of the day, traditionally twelve turns in Shako, and every Russian division left on the table would have been broken. The numerical advantage of the French, the way that the Russians had been forced into square, was clear:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5oV3BmtmQ0Qa_6UvqyzPLYKlNIQJ57PX2JwoVrq-HQmo41vsGLiLgcFgSTMrqC4p5_fCV8H_IRW72NpL0I9BY7PGYOpfVL_ROMal200blwjyu9eplcll9FVwKnhy9taPDaG8oScOcq0c/s1600/M9+A+lot+of+French+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="608" data-original-width="811" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5oV3BmtmQ0Qa_6UvqyzPLYKlNIQJ57PX2JwoVrq-HQmo41vsGLiLgcFgSTMrqC4p5_fCV8H_IRW72NpL0I9BY7PGYOpfVL_ROMal200blwjyu9eplcll9FVwKnhy9taPDaG8oScOcq0c/s320/M9+A+lot+of+French+2.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">And equally, the risk to the Russians of being completely surrounded as the gamed ended:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS7j83WhvE4uRp7hd8NBJ3qubLqYyQh3-I6kaM6-yBmkXffq3a1GSsz6fH5oMG9pNP6J28yRqJ-l26UJPCbjzGCS18AJy00ZagET-IR1ESYIIb_S2Xu4JN1yhsAQR8szaBwbgUxox-pyk/s1600/M9+potentially+surrounded.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="608" data-original-width="811" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS7j83WhvE4uRp7hd8NBJ3qubLqYyQh3-I6kaM6-yBmkXffq3a1GSsz6fH5oMG9pNP6J28yRqJ-l26UJPCbjzGCS18AJy00ZagET-IR1ESYIIb_S2Xu4JN1yhsAQR8szaBwbgUxox-pyk/s320/M9+potentially+surrounded.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">It was time to take stock. For all my boldness, it had become clear that the Emperor had sized up the situation correctly. There was little to gain for all Marshal Ney's and Gen Grouchy's marching, nothing that could not have been achieved equally well by a straight attack on Gen. Swarikin from Move One, which would probably dislodge him and enable pressure to be placed on Gen. Laptiev earlier. I was left with two consolations: first, that I had at least equalled the Emperor's achievement; and second, that I still believe I achieved it with less risk of defeat. A hugely enjoyable day's wargaming, and yet further evidence, should it be needed, of how well Shako can work in delivering outcomes close to their historical equivalents, details of which in this case may be found here: </span></div>
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<a href="http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/Battle_of_Craonne.htm"><span style="font-family: "trebuchet ms" , sans-serif;">http://napoleonistyka.atspace.com/Battle_of_Craonne.htm</span></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-25779260306876433502019-05-05T09:59:00.000+08:002019-05-05T09:59:12.428+08:00Free e-Books!<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">To mark the anniversary</span> of le mort de Napoleon, Pen & Sword Books are offering e-book versions of four of their titles as a free download from Amazon.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">See <a href="https://chauvinisticblog.blogspot.com/2019/05/remembering-mort-de-napoleon-198-with.html">post on The Chauvinistic Blog</a> for more details.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-45718738322679093902019-03-26T19:59:00.000+08:002019-03-26T19:59:39.764+08:00Combat at Asch, 8th May 1759<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Wilko and I caught up on the weekend</span> for a small and most enjoyable Seven Years' War game. He was 'master of ceremonies' providing all for this small action which came from Volume 1 of Charles Grant junior's excellent scenario books.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Originally a rearguard-withdrawal by the Imperial-Austrian forces (quelle surprise!), Mark decided that they would not over-estimate the on-coming Prussians and we'd run it as a straight fight.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I took the Prussians, lead by General Finck (bringing to mind the "Wizard of ID") and Mark the Imperial-Hapsburgs.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I decided to use the subtle tactic of 'advance the whole line'. with 1st brigade's single grenadier battalion and Belling hussars trying to get around the Imperials left flank, while 2nd brigade's Szekely hussars, a battalion of the Puttkamer regiment and freies bataillon Collignon tried a left-hook through the woods on the enemy's right.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Meanwhile the centre advanced 'a les prussiennes'.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Things seemed to be progressing well, although the Belling hussars refused (twice) to charge the infantry ahead of them.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-MoVNGFJJmGZc5JWLPGFHAQ-_YKAfGgZMLB4wk8wodslbc6oUOntgNWWYl6sGGAcNZ9hxiWLmmlAFAL9AiE1Q8w2NXP-OK1LPIDmjTYWZAeCeukkwbyCperHXVChtGdMOoTxxzM1p3pG-/s1600/Asch_5b.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="947" data-original-width="1600" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-MoVNGFJJmGZc5JWLPGFHAQ-_YKAfGgZMLB4wk8wodslbc6oUOntgNWWYl6sGGAcNZ9hxiWLmmlAFAL9AiE1Q8w2NXP-OK1LPIDmjTYWZAeCeukkwbyCperHXVChtGdMOoTxxzM1p3pG-/s320/Asch_5b.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the centre I had advanced the infantry ahead of the supporting Horn cuirassiers in what was to be a critical mistake.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Two wins for the underdogs!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Finally, the Belling hussars charged the infantry, taking fire on the way in, but winning the low-odds mêlée. They then sensibly withdrew behind the grenadiers.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(The Imperial dragoons seen in the distance later charged the grenadiers who sent them off with a 'bloody nose', thanks to better dice in a mêlée with dead-even factors).</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSLrREGt3dplNOtWLNO3MVln2Js8I9vESu7olTK06TclunGVkNoNCgnyulMnaY3p5kcsQNZbyd8gr2ZBQ5Z5TT-RaWsJwKr-DQMmuTQOTfttuCEj74zUz88OZ_VA7Qmh3km5NCbEmbCXT-/s1600/Asch_7a.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1120" data-original-width="1600" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjSLrREGt3dplNOtWLNO3MVln2Js8I9vESu7olTK06TclunGVkNoNCgnyulMnaY3p5kcsQNZbyd8gr2ZBQ5Z5TT-RaWsJwKr-DQMmuTQOTfttuCEj74zUz88OZ_VA7Qmh3km5NCbEmbCXT-/s320/Asch_7a.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Not to be outdone, the small unit of Imperial hussars charged the Horn cuirassiers in the flank, won their own low-odds mêlée and rode on to take out one of the Prussian batteries. They withdrew, having scored this considerable prize.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On the Prussian left, the flank force had done better than expected. The </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Szekely hussars and battalion of the Puttkamer regiment</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> worked through the woods to emerge on the right of the Imperial army, while the </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">freies bataillon Collignon harassed and drove off the lead infantry battalion—I did not get that one in a photo, so you'll have to take my word for it!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqkVkbixHPxIhsV9PKNE30yY2xlOWWczylti5Zjk9abkmEIBYbiGjfDUmSvll61AZmFVHHZaNxEQHRjDdYeS3qyg-rZVZdlVRzf6j4FPzuEJm1DYWqge-66NVwe_STxeOJZAEZRGVsSzRw/s1600/Asch_8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1041" data-original-width="1600" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqkVkbixHPxIhsV9PKNE30yY2xlOWWczylti5Zjk9abkmEIBYbiGjfDUmSvll61AZmFVHHZaNxEQHRjDdYeS3qyg-rZVZdlVRzf6j4FPzuEJm1DYWqge-66NVwe_STxeOJZAEZRGVsSzRw/s320/Asch_8.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the centre, the lines of infantry had been wearing one another down, neither side gaining the ascendency.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In fact, so much so that both armies needed to take a withdrawal test for 1/3 army losses, which both failed*!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">With losses about even, the game was called a minor Imperial-Austrian victory as the captured/destroyed battery tipped the victory points in their favour.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A great little game, lasting a mere six turns, but which provided a lot of interest, nail-biting close combat decisions and loads of fun.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(*I omitted to take the end-of-game photos--oops!)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-21496136860483072622019-03-17T11:22:00.001+08:002019-03-18T19:32:40.046+08:00<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">One-sided 'Marc' </span>invited us down for a <a href="https://onesidedminiaturewargamingdiscourse.blogspot.com/2019/03/auerstadt-6x4-redux.html">redux game of the Battle of Auerstadt</a> at yesterday's Napoleonic Wargaming Society games day. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wilko had played the game back in January so did not want to get back on the horse and Julian was unable to make it,</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> so it was left to me to 'represent' the ANF. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I duly headed down the hill, arriving about thirty minutes behind the scheduled 9 am start (sorry fellas). I was so pleased that I did as it was a </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">most enjoyable game played, as ever, in the 'right' manner.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In a reversal of roles, I'll provide the brief, one-eyed report here ahead of Mark's more detailed report on his blog (hopefully I have the names of the formations about right!).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I arrived in time for the French phase of the first turn. Gudin's division positioned in and around Hassenhausen faced Schmettau’s division and Blücher's ad-hoc advance guard.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Learning from history, Stephen did not go for the immediate attack, preferring to try to soften up the French defenders and await the arriving Prussian masses.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After a time (or was it a few times?) he did, though, send Blücher's fusiliers (heavily disguised as Nassauers—by necessity, there were a lot of 'stand-in' troops in this game, which, of course is not a problem at all and has no impact on play). They did not fare well, copping fire from regiments from Petit's and Gautier's brigades on Gudin's right.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Meanwhile, Wartensleben’s and Orange's divisions snake towards the front.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Reinforcements were coming to Gudin's aide too, in the form of Vialannes' light cavalry^ and Friant's division, along with the Iron Marshal himself. Note the Prussian batteries in the foreground which were not making much impact due to Stephen's average or worse rolls and my generally above average counter-rolls. I do like the way Napoleon's Battles deals with 'the imponderable with each player throwing a D10.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">(^It is interesting that, while Friant, Gudin and Morand are 'household' names amongst Napoleonic buffs, Vialannes is a 'nobody'. I read in one of the accounts that Davout was most displeased with his performance. Little wonder he amounted to nothing, when such a battle and the fact that the few French light cavalry existed at the end should have covered him in (at least) reflected glory!)</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Prussian fusiliers retreated (invoking the extreme sounding 'voluntary rout' under Napoleon's Battles), allowing the "Blücher" hussars to charge in. Gautier's boys formed square (which is more "prepared to receive cavalry" at this scale, as Mark explained), seeing them off fairly easily.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In due course, the three Prussian divisions were almost in position to attack, while the reserve divisions approached in the distance.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">First cavalry mêlée! An indecisive affair so the attacking Prussian hussars withdrew to reform. Sounds a lot like the historical action.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-APRgjifujoPat42yB-tGMFKKLG3gqPY_Ko0Z9GGXuMMJX2M_-KcXMbkP54jPpEQWUQdNTeXSHTQzxSZhHobt0xhb9YwEz0u83fNrXayw4LpGFK2jlZD-6puUnI4K0oT0LoIoAmuXafho/s1600/Auerstadt%2540NWS_8.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-APRgjifujoPat42yB-tGMFKKLG3gqPY_Ko0Z9GGXuMMJX2M_-KcXMbkP54jPpEQWUQdNTeXSHTQzxSZhHobt0xhb9YwEz0u83fNrXayw4LpGFK2jlZD-6puUnI4K0oT0LoIoAmuXafho/s320/Auerstadt%2540NWS_8.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">More Prussian hussars charged in. Not actually the death's heads lads, but they went for a death or glory charge. Kister's brigade (Friant) got themselves 'organised to receive' and these horsemen too recoiled.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> View from the west (Prussian) side on the eve of the decisive turn of the game.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Vialannes' horsemen charged some of </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wartensleben’s infantry who failed to 'prepare to receive' and could not be saved by the supporting dragoons.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The French horsemen then charged the next unit of infantry, who did get organised, sending Vialannes' men back to reform.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The signal was made. Prussian attacks all along the line. Our troops though, held firm everywhere, inflicting some bloody noses.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So we counter-attacked, routing </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wartensleben’s boys who had formed 'square' in response to the charge of Vialannes' brigade.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A regiment of Gautier's brigade attacked to finish off their previously unsuccessful assailants (rear of photo), while a regiment of Brouard's </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">brigade (Morand's division) attacked some isolated Prussians who had advanced to fire on some of that division's troops in square (foreground).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The tide well and truly turned, and old father time tarryng-not, we called the game at that point. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Thanks to Mark and Stephen for a great game. It is always fun when you take the better side and win, but it was mainly because of the way in which we played and Mark's umpiring making it all run so smoothly and easily. All</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> played in a spirit of fun and historical interest—even if I did follow Stephen to the dark side, selling my soul by using two, or was it three?, re-rolls!!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A great day—finished off with some beaut racing at the Motorplex. </span></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com10tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-38266120255512408752019-02-09T22:48:00.000+08:002019-02-09T22:48:45.833+08:00Plug for a new blog<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://chauvinisticblog.blogspot.com/">The Chauvinistic Blog</a></span> is a new blog that I have started that is dedicated to all things Napoleonic.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpBBb8NnYWlqKEz13yoXUuMTZ86MEriM0D6fJgk_Xb5cfMaAAewIsZFr45_HtfD0wayFSqfMAGCGnNsLdbsf3ZfiaJaaehgAShbFR7FsbYjN4aJKjliufcg6Z4POtzjfVogIe-pDCzLS7E/s1600/Friedland1807_Venet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1400" data-original-width="1600" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpBBb8NnYWlqKEz13yoXUuMTZ86MEriM0D6fJgk_Xb5cfMaAAewIsZFr45_HtfD0wayFSqfMAGCGnNsLdbsf3ZfiaJaaehgAShbFR7FsbYjN4aJKjliufcg6Z4POtzjfVogIe-pDCzLS7E/s320/Friedland1807_Venet.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Napoleon at the Battle of Friedland, Horace Vernet, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Napoleon_friedland.jpg">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Our fabulous little group of wargamers began in 2010 and launched into a programme of games based on the battles of the later Napoleonic years, in line with the bicentennial. Napoleonic remains a large focus for us as a group but, since 2015, games of 'periods other than Napoleonics' have been played with an increasing frequency.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Since the Napoleonic era is my main reason for wargaming, I wanted to indulge my passion and have an adjunct blog that his dedicated solely to things Napoleonic, in the broadest sense of the hobby.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reports of Napoleonic games will appear either on this blog or that, with links between them, but other 'things Napoleonic', be they book reviews, interesting articles, points of discussion, links to items on other blogs or websites will appear on The Chauvinistic Blog.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So if, like me, you can't get enough Napoleonic, pay the blog a visit!</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-92195403863728162372019-02-02T23:19:00.000+08:002019-02-03T07:45:24.755+08:00Fire and Fury, just like it was<div style="text-align: justify;">
As trailed by James, today Mark and I ventured for the first time into ACW wargaming with a rules-test of the well-known <i>Fire and Fury</i> (1st Edition). I selected the Battle of Dranesville for the test. An early-war encounter with, I reckoned, pretty much the right balance of troops - four Rebel regiments, five Union, plus a few cavalry and batteries, and a sufficiently testing scenario for us. And a Union victory, which gave me something to emulate as Brigadier-General Ord, and something to avoid, as Mark's Jeb Stuart. </div>
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My first step, aside from the obligatory Wiki reference and some other online histories, e.g. http://www.civilwarhome.com/dranesvilleintro.htm, was to look at the various available maps. This was one drawn at the time, I believe judging from the script by a Rebel, which shows which regiments were involved and where they were placed by the respective commanders:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH2onYVRfjhXHCrBPSNNA776c_IfkbKIxAaYlm-V663fV_w3ldGmC0XBj-BB5Ctm-hLFhVA_ELWT-Yzi7PEEoXLU_dh2bQMxBDIqcObdqZLyQUHQaodTZNHB4JqU6Xrj2Soa106sgPT6c/s1600/d3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1451" data-original-width="1120" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH2onYVRfjhXHCrBPSNNA776c_IfkbKIxAaYlm-V663fV_w3ldGmC0XBj-BB5Ctm-hLFhVA_ELWT-Yzi7PEEoXLU_dh2bQMxBDIqcObdqZLyQUHQaodTZNHB4JqU6Xrj2Soa106sgPT6c/s320/d3.jpg" width="247" /></a></div>
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Whilst here is the sober official version General Ord submitted after the original battle:</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg01B6Tgpx_3B89GuAB064C4LH3feeKAmZbMwDMcPcvCS2hLzWMZ_IZ6YPYxQ1RxySvrWQeH_ew8uPb_cnyyDTbu0RsaCvI3yxoYFWdhV8szLGVBqkR0CNbEmAr-__KGsGW6L5TzbW0ikY/s1600/d4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="195" data-original-width="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg01B6Tgpx_3B89GuAB064C4LH3feeKAmZbMwDMcPcvCS2hLzWMZ_IZ6YPYxQ1RxySvrWQeH_ew8uPb_cnyyDTbu0RsaCvI3yxoYFWdhV8szLGVBqkR0CNbEmAr-__KGsGW6L5TzbW0ikY/s1600/d4.jpg" /></a></div>
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You will have to make your own judgement as to whether I reached a sufficiently close approximation of the outset of the battle in my own recreation of it - and indeed on whose sketch came closer to reality. The view below is from above Dranesville, looking ESE along the line of the battle, with the Union line about to enter the wood and the Rebels ensconced within it, their artillery ready to fall on Kane's 1st Pennsylvanians. A regiment, but an early war regiment and hence like all the other regiments treated in this action as a small five stand brigade. How would the rules stack up? Historically casualties were slight, some 194 on the Rebel side and 68 Union. Would <i>Fire and Fury </i>live up to its name, rather than verisimilitude, and deliver a bloodbath?</div>
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The Rebels came up all veteran, which was very nice for them. </div>
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The Union fared a little worse, the 9th and 12th Pennsylvania - the two regiments in the right vanguard in the picture below - both turning out green. Not a good omen. Note Brigadier-General Ord with the reserve, the 10th Pennsylvania. His position there meant that his leftmost regiment, the 6th Pennsylvania, was out of command. He had better remedy that swiftly! If you look carefully you might also be able to pick out Jeb Stuart in the distance along the Centreville Road. He's also too far away for anyone to take a shot at him.</div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">The Union phase of the first move saw their troops close up and make a tentative advance on their right flank, encountering the 1st Kentucky and exchanging desultory fire. Inside a wood is not the best place to be to score casualties, </span><span style="text-align: justify;">as both sides discovered. </span><span style="text-align: justify;">The second move brought the two sides still closer...</span></div>
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...but it was the third move, where the 12th Pennsylvania had replaced the 9th in the line after they had become low on ammunition in a useful disordering of their Kentucky opponents, where the two sides became embroiled in successive melees. Although the Rebels duly got their obligatory +1 on the charge, the melee first became a desperate struggle, with both sides losing a stand (representing 150 men) on the second attempt to settle matters things went hopelessly wrong for the rebels as a result of the dice. Historically, these men did not get into such close quarters, but the result ended the same: one unit of the Kentucky skedaddled, and the Rebels retired on their left flank.</div>
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The Union battery finally got going towards the hill on move 4, in which the 12th Pennsylvanians replaced the 9th in the line. Elsewhere, fire even in the open proved relatively ineffectual, much to the relief of Kane's men, who had been exposed to Rebel artillery fire for the best part of two hours until they could get out of the direct line of sight along Centreville Road, but who were still more accurate in their fire than the 11th Virginia opposing them in plain sight out of the woods.</div>
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Note the small force of Rebel cavalry under Major Gordon, which had advanced to threaten the 12th Pennsylvanians. The Union cavalry was moved up to deter it the following move and their artillery also recommenced a move to the hill, though they never actually got there after being left stationary for one move. </div>
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By now, however, the fight had really gone out of the Rebels. They had lost two stands, one of the 1st Kentucky in the melee on the right and one of 10th Alabama due to a fire-fight in Move 5, which had also seen the 11th Virginia and the 6th South Carolina disordered, whilst two stands had skedaddled, one from 1st Kentucky on their left and one from the 10th Alabama on the left whose melee had also gone disastrously awry. By contrast the Union had lost just one stand, in the melee on their right flank. No wonder that Jeb Stuart called it a day and abandoned the field to the Union. It was a really bad day at the office for him exactly as historically, As Brigadier-General Ord, I was grateful he did quit the field, because I still could not be certain how many more Rebels there were in the woods, so I had given the order to halt. </div>
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Mark and I felt that <i>Fire and Fury</i> (1st edition) had passed our test with flying colours. So far as verisimilitude was concerned, the losses (at 150 men per stand, and assuming actual casualties of around 1/3), came extremely close to the historical results. Not only that, but six game turns had been fought in around four hours even though we were almost entirely new to the rules, which bodes extremely well for fighting much more significant actions with them later on. We therefore resolved to fight again later in the year once the armies on both sides were larger. We also resolved to look at whether the 2nd edition of the rules brings any improvements, or just complexity for its own sake. I had always wanted to fight ACW, and now I have. Why did I wait so long?</div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-41113353722952683342019-01-28T13:52:00.002+08:002019-01-28T13:52:43.966+08:00TSC™<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">More about the strange title later.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I have been inspired to put up this post after </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">reading other bloggers' posts about plans for the year, as well as </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">a long discussion with Julian about our own</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> plans. So, here goes with a navel-gazing post that I hope is of interest to others.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">On the drawing board, chez moi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In brief, the plans for our little group consist of individual projects that are in the mutual interest and will increase the diversity and perhaps frequency of games that we'll play over the coming year (and years).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>• Julian</b> has several wargaming 'itches' to scratch. He is focussed on 'sorting out' American Civil War, World War I and World War II in terms of capacity to stage games and preferred rules for each period. He'll be hosting the first of these next week, so expect a report soon.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Added to these he'll be continuing with Napoleonic naval (now that he has 'found' Grand Fleet Actions for us) and War of Spanish Succession.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">• I have not asked specifically what he has planned</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">, but expect that <b>Mark</b> will 'do what Mark does'; that is quietly churn out a steady procession of beautifully painted units until he says, let's have a game of 'x'. I expect that he'll continue to add units to late-mediaeval, ancient (Greco-Roman and perhaps earlier 'classical' eras) and Seven Year's War/War of Austrian Succession armies, with some Napoleonics thrown in. He has mentioned about a game of Mons Graupius, so I expect that will happen soon.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">• In <b>my case</b>, I have a couple of 'itches' to scratch.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The first is to bring some of my many part-painted and unpainted figures to completion, focussing on Napoleonics. </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I began late last year with some French cavalry, 18 regiments of chasseurs à cheval, to be precise. I like to paint a lot of units at once. I doubt whether this increases my rate of output, but it helps with my self-perception (self-deception?).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The second 'itch' is an opportunity that comes from the first. I want to try a wargaming idea that I have had for some time—I think that I dreamt it up myself, but one can never be sure. It is to stage the same game at two or more scales. At its grandest this would involve representation from the strategic situation, to the overall battle, to sections of the battle, to detailed action within a section of the battle. I have dubbed it the 'telescoping scales concept' (TSC), hence the catchy title for this post. This is partly tongue-in-cheek and partly as an homage to the 'telescoping time concept' (TTC) of Empire.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In essence it is nothing more that what wargamers do with campaigns, but with a few extra levels added in. The 'gold star' version would involve several tables, or sections of a table, with figures of different scales depicting aspects of the same battle (perhaps even campaign). Play and players would move between the tables according to the desire to 'zoom in' on the action. This could be codified, but I prefer it to be at the whim and interest of the player(s). The results of actions conducted at the lower scales would be reflected back to the larger scales of the battle.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It definitely can be done, the question is whether it will work well enough to provide an interesting game and add to appreciation of the historical action. </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Once I have a few more units painted to completion, I plan to have a go at it solo.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">I'll probably only use two scales to begin with, the overall battle and a specific section or two, all with 1/72nd scale figures. Having a go solo, I'll </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">I be able to try a few different combinations of rules for the various scales. If it works for me, then I'll see if anyone else is keen to join in. It will be fun trying, of that I have no doubt! :)</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Anyway, that's a fair bit for a year I reckon. </span><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">The combination of our efforts should keep us well and truly 'off the streets'.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">As with all plans it will be interesting to see how we go, what gets done, what is added or changed and what remains an 'itch' come late 2019.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Not sure whether this is like David Essex in Jeff Wayne's </span><i style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">War of the Worlds</i><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">, but "I have made a start already"!</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I began painting in earnest with the </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">chasseurs à cheval, plus a few dragoons, </span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">late last year.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigq3P0cCNlwbjhnxtrzkBJpHpGLi7HVwbfrEtqZQSol_zJvqEHdQBsg6-Jfjn2VFcXTBd0Dt5rk-l1Z96uB42_1Wrj-dEcls0lCSuqYjLfpRsc_Ra2XVFtjpmsyO1YwCulJLUwyKmTqlN3/s1600/2019Plans_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="962" data-original-width="1600" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigq3P0cCNlwbjhnxtrzkBJpHpGLi7HVwbfrEtqZQSol_zJvqEHdQBsg6-Jfjn2VFcXTBd0Dt5rk-l1Z96uB42_1Wrj-dEcls0lCSuqYjLfpRsc_Ra2XVFtjpmsyO1YwCulJLUwyKmTqlN3/s320/2019Plans_2.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I made some pretty good progress, by my standards, before I went away, but 'lost' much of December and most of January.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I use a black undercoat (Paynes' Grey to be precise) and like to stick figures on bases and riders on horses as soon as possible, so the figures are dark and on equally dark looking horses during the early stages of painting. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZiyvotky_gBrutLQukZoDrR-pgqU1oOOpbN5Y1dztdpTa1javRLcSyFZYSjUujV2obtvQy0Xoe0YHhgMdAvx5hPRdCQoYLY5RMD4aspLyCPg_TiJvaI4l8pNenDTtubrgwggUcT5L5w1H/s1600/2019Plans_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1072" data-original-width="1600" height="214" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZiyvotky_gBrutLQukZoDrR-pgqU1oOOpbN5Y1dztdpTa1javRLcSyFZYSjUujV2obtvQy0Xoe0YHhgMdAvx5hPRdCQoYLY5RMD4aspLyCPg_TiJvaI4l8pNenDTtubrgwggUcT5L5w1H/s320/2019Plans_3.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">I'll throw in the odd unit from other periods, to keep them trickling along.</span><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Jones' regiment of foote at rear, nearing completion.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTpdhINtXNcCM37vhyIenk98oJqS9kK5eNd7pTIQr4-snxKKkBotJGOgehBTP0V3tDPMXqCAFlx7SXRxGMr7JEMSVJClDUX5cLnbbrWmdfg-VWHqcvActDrZzMadg3i3u6-bvrvVnGB1c0/s1600/2019Plans_4.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="917" data-original-width="1600" height="183" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTpdhINtXNcCM37vhyIenk98oJqS9kK5eNd7pTIQr4-snxKKkBotJGOgehBTP0V3tDPMXqCAFlx7SXRxGMr7JEMSVJClDUX5cLnbbrWmdfg-VWHqcvActDrZzMadg3i3u6-bvrvVnGB1c0/s320/2019Plans_4.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hat Thracians, Dark Alliance Amazons and a mix of Revell and Mars figures as Hesilrige's Lobsters. Base coat completed (not on all of the horses).</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt6eQD9jTzE53lfrq4nhuSL-_EelbJovmnTU12xwXWJEkDfF2Fdx8w0IQGzCZ52n3UMYpG2WcKQemQm0eu4sqTXDes-tXR-VA5Ge8QovypCqS1fvO2pUjjfENhhUOjlFwYvYUYXPScUV8o/s1600/2019Plans_5.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1232" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgt6eQD9jTzE53lfrq4nhuSL-_EelbJovmnTU12xwXWJEkDfF2Fdx8w0IQGzCZ52n3UMYpG2WcKQemQm0eu4sqTXDes-tXR-VA5Ge8QovypCqS1fvO2pUjjfENhhUOjlFwYvYUYXPScUV8o/s320/2019Plans_5.jpg" width="246" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another little 'extra' thrown in, my new girl friend, Maria, of the Vistula Lancers. Base coat completed at time of the photo. Figure by Bartek Drejewicz purchased from Valhalla online shop, Poland.</span><br />
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-49596172775881813232019-01-13T07:38:00.002+08:002019-01-13T07:38:26.441+08:003 500 km to Austerlitz no. 2: Part 4<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-4426965241966766566" itemprop="description articleBody" style="line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 758px;">
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">In our last episode,</span> I reported that the French were "looking good" across the battlefield. This left us pondering, could it all be over by lunchtime (in real time and also game time)?</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Before I launch into what occurred on Saturday, the third day of the game, I'd like to reply to some questions that were asked in response to my </span><a href="http://avonnapoleonicfellowship.blogspot.com/2019/01/3-500-km-to-austerlitz-no-2-part-3.html">previous post</a><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: black;">.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimAs7XY-GREM7xKDq-2CIAoTOzJEYD9syRqfOQNbw1TLFBxk3yb93nlkt3m0kQ_h65sDfFT2Csb9_8lM9Hsmd-3bXiSFI8mrtvx6eEJiT4uHfN5ziDRmKuvBPMqtPhlDZnNJDozAlrq9q0/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_77.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimAs7XY-GREM7xKDq-2CIAoTOzJEYD9syRqfOQNbw1TLFBxk3yb93nlkt3m0kQ_h65sDfFT2Csb9_8lM9Hsmd-3bXiSFI8mrtvx6eEJiT4uHfN5ziDRmKuvBPMqtPhlDZnNJDozAlrq9q0/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_77.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Looking down the driveway at the venue for the game, aka Tim and Jill's garage. We were 15 players in all, including me; seven French and eight allied.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: #333333;">The game began on Thursday evening (3/1), a</span><span style="caret-color: rgb(51, 51, 51); color: #333333;">fter a barbecue dinner,</span><span style="color: #333333;"> around 18:00; or perhaps it was more like 19:00? Anyway, that night we played about ten turns (I think), finishing around 22:00 or so—each turn representing about 15 minutes of real time. The turns that night were reported in </span><a href="http://avonnapoleonicfellowship.blogspot.com/2019/01/3-500-km-to-austerlitz-no-2-part-2.html">part two</a><span style="color: #333333;"> of this series of posts.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">On Friday (4/1) we re-commenced play at 09:00, with a brief break for morning tea, about an hour for lunch, a rolling afternoon tea and further time out for dinner. We ceased play around 22:00 (see <a href="http://avonnapoleonicfellowship.blogspot.com/2019/01/3-500-km-to-austerlitz-no-2-part-3.html">part three</a>).</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Saturday's play, the subject of this post, began a little more leisurely at 09:30.</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tim remembered that he had specially painted some limbers for the game, but had forgotten to deploy them. I quickly jumped in and said that I'd use them with the guns of I Corps (Stephen, honorary member of our ANF, would approve!).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The rules that the NWA fellas use are called 'Cold Steel'. They are a house set of "Empire successor" rules developed by the NWA Napoleonic wargamers. Ben 'Rosbif' has a link to the latest version on his blog (see the <a href="http://rosbiffrog.blogspot.com/">tabs for Cold Steel rules and charts</a>). Those familiar with Empire will recognise the base for the rules, but they have been simplified and edited considerably over the eight versions. They are a detailed set, arguably too detailed for such a large-scale game. Indeed, several of the fellows mentioned that they are not completely enamoured with them. Nevertheless, they work and work well. The players all come together in the spirit of enjoying the game, camaraderie and fellowship so that the weekend and the game is a completely wonderful and enjoyable event. To help with moving the game along, each side is give 15 minutes on the 'penguin' (an egg-timer in the shape of a penguin) to complete their turn. This is ignored for particularly involved turns, but is a great way to keep things moving.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The table is some 24’ x 14‘. Referring to <a href="https://avonnapoleonicfellowship.blogspot.com/2014/01/borodinothe-morning.html">one of my reports</a> from the first NWA big game that I attended back in 2014, I said that:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">There is a central table that is 24’ x 4’ around which are ‘layers’ of 8’ x 2’ tables. These latter are on casters so can be wheeled in and out as need for game play, over-view of the battle—and photos.</span></blockquote>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I think that Tim may have increased the length of the table a bit since then and may even have added another set of tables on wheels, but you get the idea of the immensity of the set-up.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This year's game was dedicated to two members of the group who have sadly passed away; Peter and Jim. I was most fortunate to have met them both and to have played wargames with them. Lovely gents.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To the action from Saturday (5/1)!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA1HG6fSLbViHO4GpK8-F1pYJcCtkc3kiGFLgSiPsBLYg5xpx2st0VwzL0MJf-Goq5dk1Vjr7lJAEXKlsfQDRNPyzI7MZ77FROBfyVZVglDpW4YQZnkQzFh7o9CapshgYDbPbzxGQKqcht/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_78.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1040" data-original-width="1600" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjA1HG6fSLbViHO4GpK8-F1pYJcCtkc3kiGFLgSiPsBLYg5xpx2st0VwzL0MJf-Goq5dk1Vjr7lJAEXKlsfQDRNPyzI7MZ77FROBfyVZVglDpW4YQZnkQzFh7o9CapshgYDbPbzxGQKqcht/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_78.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Soult and d'Hautpoul continued from where they left off, driving north-west in the general direction of the Pratzen heights (away to the top right of the photo, well out of camera shot).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> I Corps (Bernadotte, yours truly) consolidated, ready to take the lesser heights on Soult's left.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_O26hv3SsHQml9XVCXOKVhUvgjHxCnzvejzrboyU7FLp1pvomoNu68a7MrXFaLA2SD2nqWn9aVd5DOpnvHlMJ1GGm6WtmtBiM4GtZrKmtNbx51raZGo-j_L6ozj24nNrvEbdeWrfUzD3E/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_80.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_O26hv3SsHQml9XVCXOKVhUvgjHxCnzvejzrboyU7FLp1pvomoNu68a7MrXFaLA2SD2nqWn9aVd5DOpnvHlMJ1GGm6WtmtBiM4GtZrKmtNbx51raZGo-j_L6ozj24nNrvEbdeWrfUzD3E/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_80.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> On Bernadotte's left, Murat's heavy cavalry continued to face-off with Liechtenstein's troopers.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtxuzWsdxwikpcWm_JKsbJgXmabqHJz1edw9jVBPKbeBsBmjx_5qxppOYx7vbN7j4Dgqp4KRJcKL6TDhh97q4oL4Ro_ToTIFX8yca52qtvOTlbu2ZebNNwuU6uOY7_7JFUy6XCQArOxGve/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_81.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhtxuzWsdxwikpcWm_JKsbJgXmabqHJz1edw9jVBPKbeBsBmjx_5qxppOYx7vbN7j4Dgqp4KRJcKL6TDhh97q4oL4Ro_ToTIFX8yca52qtvOTlbu2ZebNNwuU6uOY7_7JFUy6XCQArOxGve/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_81.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> In the north, Lannes and Bagration continued their arm-wrestle.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc62ulw9dp2256_mrzsJCCa8qRSV9IvMCE4tjif2cHySeBiAzMfofhwiytp2OwdouWUVvnFuo7UO5NfoHzYQ3_LJcZkmre0hEyq6cnxTaARdEbrImNGhn3qwG9TiUpiHgs2Ajv1Jeb4ABn/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_82.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgc62ulw9dp2256_mrzsJCCa8qRSV9IvMCE4tjif2cHySeBiAzMfofhwiytp2OwdouWUVvnFuo7UO5NfoHzYQ3_LJcZkmre0hEyq6cnxTaARdEbrImNGhn3qwG9TiUpiHgs2Ajv1Jeb4ABn/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_82.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> In the south, Oudinot's 'grenadiers' had helped to stabilised the French position.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-2YaTpISznukGeCkKDvgNb9szQ1C7GbtaFBB0nX_Iq8w0207GpUBr4lnga9NKoER02539xEU67uoTemMgb1QkdUSLqSkiA1nW-W8RD5tkjlaffVoCrmF5W2WIfl_y9CE_mFIe2qqkZRXz/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_84.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-2YaTpISznukGeCkKDvgNb9szQ1C7GbtaFBB0nX_Iq8w0207GpUBr4lnga9NKoER02539xEU67uoTemMgb1QkdUSLqSkiA1nW-W8RD5tkjlaffVoCrmF5W2WIfl_y9CE_mFIe2qqkZRXz/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_84.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">With the Russian 12 pdr battery temporarily withdrawn, my 8e ligne attacked the isolated Russian infantry (those guns represent battalion guns).</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEXcP4ZcmNi-Y5sOXXdZU2sFxFVVlBaGFbchI4SkVf8U1c_dYxjvRMMYvx7pNHmq8wkiY5kFFIaZAOtVaiE6FNQlSCtLjZ9Zal7oqepxwyoUv4KWDJKafctYm7V6WydRxyDQZxBBe_7fOs/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_85.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjEXcP4ZcmNi-Y5sOXXdZU2sFxFVVlBaGFbchI4SkVf8U1c_dYxjvRMMYvx7pNHmq8wkiY5kFFIaZAOtVaiE6FNQlSCtLjZ9Zal7oqepxwyoUv4KWDJKafctYm7V6WydRxyDQZxBBe_7fOs/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_85.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Not successful on this occasion, taking minor casualties and two disorders.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvDi6Gf9vSGQ09Z7_Yb3txXP-INkCIcSv004uOOiiSO4rKLMFGaFwRrw4j-V2Psiw62LzAF2-KrMlSQEkpLkowxnmAkoEgWHe15VhCXdzAahxWF7YcXp5z0ZFVB7zjQI7aMXs0_NXGhynI/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_87.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvDi6Gf9vSGQ09Z7_Yb3txXP-INkCIcSv004uOOiiSO4rKLMFGaFwRrw4j-V2Psiw62LzAF2-KrMlSQEkpLkowxnmAkoEgWHe15VhCXdzAahxWF7YcXp5z0ZFVB7zjQI7aMXs0_NXGhynI/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_87.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> In the south, Davout was getting the upper-hand over Keinmeyer's advance guard...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEArDl9d2BYzGoulML2aXwFLFNYs4QwYo19ixvANn6YAu0ODRrllqm6t7MqRr6s6oZMvTWbqxZ-qufcWEGt4Ys14JSdFzkEyl_zswRDez41sBSm2IYQbJZ5ffL_EvDvZpOd4CXMPpE4_fB/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_88.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEArDl9d2BYzGoulML2aXwFLFNYs4QwYo19ixvANn6YAu0ODRrllqm6t7MqRr6s6oZMvTWbqxZ-qufcWEGt4Ys14JSdFzkEyl_zswRDez41sBSm2IYQbJZ5ffL_EvDvZpOd4CXMPpE4_fB/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_88.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> ... while Legrand faced off against Langeron.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdREnZ-FFw5g358NwlvpdEpAmq6Dw9w6aXKzt1iBSxzRjzoZjoQ8MpXLaeazgFLnemCoyxdZP1HzKXLcM1wOWZn5U7Yy2bE50Q4vyi3_W0dyg-Pd3rY2jeNVPFx7fQAB-7F9kTI2KO0TP8/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_89.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdREnZ-FFw5g358NwlvpdEpAmq6Dw9w6aXKzt1iBSxzRjzoZjoQ8MpXLaeazgFLnemCoyxdZP1HzKXLcM1wOWZn5U7Yy2bE50Q4vyi3_W0dyg-Pd3rY2jeNVPFx7fQAB-7F9kTI2KO0TP8/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_89.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> This left Oudinot's 'grenadiers' free to move towards the Pratzen heights.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAzXNGfBo8BwopV_7v9zNcx9Y41LaSwfTQjsEik5kuWTRMLxivyP4Qzf60UnNTU6Z8_zACOEqMyY7o6HgshAUBcaIHIBt3-ZiKkcQmlbORXBPp1zugl4WSQdNM41e5S__74yhHi7TlVYNM/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_90.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAzXNGfBo8BwopV_7v9zNcx9Y41LaSwfTQjsEik5kuWTRMLxivyP4Qzf60UnNTU6Z8_zACOEqMyY7o6HgshAUBcaIHIBt3-ZiKkcQmlbORXBPp1zugl4WSQdNM41e5S__74yhHi7TlVYNM/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_90.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Back in the north, Lannes had established a strong position opposed to Bagration.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXFwsAtWe1K8rdSdr7THH5BSL6k36ME6kLK_58EHulKaiJHxRjgr_qvOjuMZ_wu4cFv3qvalfE4T3tMXxmWZHgHyaQnKRT8jN53nlOiyaDkEqzGdQxv4oVDhZN-F_tD1GrlDWezihSM1pD/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_91.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXFwsAtWe1K8rdSdr7THH5BSL6k36ME6kLK_58EHulKaiJHxRjgr_qvOjuMZ_wu4cFv3qvalfE4T3tMXxmWZHgHyaQnKRT8jN53nlOiyaDkEqzGdQxv4oVDhZN-F_tD1GrlDWezihSM1pD/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_91.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Back in the centre, that d@mned 12 pdr battery had deployed again, so I sent infantry of 1st division to outflank it, some Cossacks had other ideas...</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWbFVKb0kyfh2E1eTyWdjGjNWJDytBYmbvWyMgjB57QbvT5720iLi4sRm0EH-u7hv3Uea8I3OaQeds9hP-9rp55bk4BjDujqYB_V-O8ci2PBvybMim1jVzs2jTnb7z3SCO5qQPdAUvcTfH/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_92.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhWbFVKb0kyfh2E1eTyWdjGjNWJDytBYmbvWyMgjB57QbvT5720iLi4sRm0EH-u7hv3Uea8I3OaQeds9hP-9rp55bk4BjDujqYB_V-O8ci2PBvybMim1jVzs2jTnb7z3SCO5qQPdAUvcTfH/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_92.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> ... but thought better of it when they saw the steady French infantry.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi15jLcvb8yPTy7grMGS3HslN81vQzE-CXr3_-4Eps826OHpym1GXdY_lJq7kHicjAmWvWxjx2EOSrIocqk5aVCeIjGFdIz4BQK_YY8xSgH4c992fU-jlgSHM0ZlzdRLXDfsZXaZ6QyUQRV/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_93.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1010" data-original-width="1600" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi15jLcvb8yPTy7grMGS3HslN81vQzE-CXr3_-4Eps826OHpym1GXdY_lJq7kHicjAmWvWxjx2EOSrIocqk5aVCeIjGFdIz4BQK_YY8xSgH4c992fU-jlgSHM0ZlzdRLXDfsZXaZ6QyUQRV/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_93.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> More cheeky Cossacks over on Soult's right, in what seemed an isolated attack.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkRUUswUQgmFQb433ZhMRZwNm26mArhOPFS0yPasn0TKNzkh-uR6s0S7mYOM14G_gMIfuqsokF-9uR25V8DYgjU0d8Ihyxev0oYUXmIHFyF4yZ04z2YyYduPJKv8p70QHmqHGD0o7Lcauy/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_94.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1161" data-original-width="1600" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkRUUswUQgmFQb433ZhMRZwNm26mArhOPFS0yPasn0TKNzkh-uR6s0S7mYOM14G_gMIfuqsokF-9uR25V8DYgjU0d8Ihyxev0oYUXmIHFyF4yZ04z2YyYduPJKv8p70QHmqHGD0o7Lcauy/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_94.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> They were however, followed by Constantine and the Russian Guard.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJtMZjeg6ied9yq-_V-o-W9JbhwNOBAd_98CGU-RPXfJPvrg8QNLYb8vZfCA3cJTE_3hCvJTj8Uk8FZ5Yz-WFrV0eCWft_pWbMdYihnr_YlxwrFWpgHY0jZql230QMghIktQpFtua-v3lC/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_97.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1006" data-original-width="1600" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJtMZjeg6ied9yq-_V-o-W9JbhwNOBAd_98CGU-RPXfJPvrg8QNLYb8vZfCA3cJTE_3hCvJTj8Uk8FZ5Yz-WFrV0eCWft_pWbMdYihnr_YlxwrFWpgHY0jZql230QMghIktQpFtua-v3lC/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_97.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The same viewed from the allied perspective.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijSsc4VKjAVdVdYA77Fh_emDluHJBnBOqAkGfycYYsDvdct-El6bWEOo7XFmtLTn89f70amrA90kNAQujDE4LK7-oC0jfPJeF56UGJzFkOoT_PvaGOqjrLxxrpGRj9HRDEGezLMe-NXOsv/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_98.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1179" data-original-width="1600" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEijSsc4VKjAVdVdYA77Fh_emDluHJBnBOqAkGfycYYsDvdct-El6bWEOo7XFmtLTn89f70amrA90kNAQujDE4LK7-oC0jfPJeF56UGJzFkOoT_PvaGOqjrLxxrpGRj9HRDEGezLMe-NXOsv/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_98.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The Guard Hussars drove off some French cuirassiers, but then took some flank fire from Soult's infantry.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRvYPTvkDtcjz-bo8vpkuGURZ-jDWEbF1Ue0hj8iEcgusegYwzYpGTOcdInzunKBZVW0oo4Hb7UCgfScY8171JMANnZymnxcgr9_fotmapDlfNHxSSj09xcM-GsK1E2O35F2Jimo42wFHF/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_99jpg.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRvYPTvkDtcjz-bo8vpkuGURZ-jDWEbF1Ue0hj8iEcgusegYwzYpGTOcdInzunKBZVW0oo4Hb7UCgfScY8171JMANnZymnxcgr9_fotmapDlfNHxSSj09xcM-GsK1E2O35F2Jimo42wFHF/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_99jpg.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Next it was the turn of the Guard infantry (once again, the guns represent battalion guns).</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy584cSLS-jlaKPo-D6N0EZoQ9-wZzPWELh-9HcR_6DLzc_GW1j6DDnMhDCF0Wx98HHq4sY5oukuO-HgzpMMUmyQUzcnM8GhvvUf0ZRxo6rz2XkF2XJ4V8yfAtqwUX-EUY1w6cbDZL-d7J/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_100.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiy584cSLS-jlaKPo-D6N0EZoQ9-wZzPWELh-9HcR_6DLzc_GW1j6DDnMhDCF0Wx98HHq4sY5oukuO-HgzpMMUmyQUzcnM8GhvvUf0ZRxo6rz2XkF2XJ4V8yfAtqwUX-EUY1w6cbDZL-d7J/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_100.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> They accounted for a foot battery,</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4ZR_RWBAa6sXWYtiU-t43ccUraqfRDg1rkVOYR1Z7ZT8N516J4Mlt8T3syFTVBGqKwIXQNTrU9_WQsIsM83Szmtn9spdKP3Ub0Ww5ydtREvM_pbfi492llgfZoDBTb89qD_8ln0r95nBU/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_101.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4ZR_RWBAa6sXWYtiU-t43ccUraqfRDg1rkVOYR1Z7ZT8N516J4Mlt8T3syFTVBGqKwIXQNTrU9_WQsIsM83Szmtn9spdKP3Ub0Ww5ydtREvM_pbfi492llgfZoDBTb89qD_8ln0r95nBU/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_101.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> ... then broke-through on the square behind.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH8f6fLGvc1WxIy-_4L-J450NYJaJxsirk8vsKflU4oIXMdbl0iZdjVU2LxwlHy6YxSOEXNtLWWbdmw9VXUpkuPVBFclc6s0qIJgl7zE2AoOFnMLwXkQ34hUqIa-xzVp6L-IqOmwSyt49a/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_102.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH8f6fLGvc1WxIy-_4L-J450NYJaJxsirk8vsKflU4oIXMdbl0iZdjVU2LxwlHy6YxSOEXNtLWWbdmw9VXUpkuPVBFclc6s0qIJgl7zE2AoOFnMLwXkQ34hUqIa-xzVp6L-IqOmwSyt49a/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_102.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> The Russian Guard Hussars, 'charging' while blown, cleared away the next French gun,</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgja2qZJB6Te1bW6IE9KpdjWNGCv_am8dB6PNnREjXEXWBXQ6BbNZuWf2mrbGhAUClbwpmPwEeVndqDGQbEdRti_JJWhYKyYH1-l8gTDZEbla9e5fThAdUsXAto-6tBGPALel9c3gQZTvhE/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_103.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgja2qZJB6Te1bW6IE9KpdjWNGCv_am8dB6PNnREjXEXWBXQ6BbNZuWf2mrbGhAUClbwpmPwEeVndqDGQbEdRti_JJWhYKyYH1-l8gTDZEbla9e5fThAdUsXAto-6tBGPALel9c3gQZTvhE/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_103.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> ... but did not have sufficient impetus to break the square beyond that.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMNXYu1jZCmG5zThS3l834vyOTIEq-gCpuiInt4HGE5KQaFLLsvfT0w3sIf29dK2PBEipJ2BjONC8L1zgG5myEis7qTQtNvDSo33vuJGxpKWVwagJZORrF-9Cn2QGKQm7zxQVWupwlPlEY/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_104.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1086" data-original-width="1600" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMNXYu1jZCmG5zThS3l834vyOTIEq-gCpuiInt4HGE5KQaFLLsvfT0w3sIf29dK2PBEipJ2BjONC8L1zgG5myEis7qTQtNvDSo33vuJGxpKWVwagJZORrF-9Cn2QGKQm7zxQVWupwlPlEY/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_104.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCBRcKJdrZxcXwWmrMVQleqrQlKxyfgyXQPJfT5MzKAP6qi2IYCERtjiMZHViuTXBz_U-LYbWJQiHf3x90Aecs6ItQEBwv2j9xPwYyt6d6XQns35Osy8LRlVR46BE2b9HYfSMhdRkzJa5S/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_105.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCBRcKJdrZxcXwWmrMVQleqrQlKxyfgyXQPJfT5MzKAP6qi2IYCERtjiMZHViuTXBz_U-LYbWJQiHf3x90Aecs6ItQEBwv2j9xPwYyt6d6XQns35Osy8LRlVR46BE2b9HYfSMhdRkzJa5S/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_105.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> My stout fellows from 1st division again tried to outflank the Russian position,</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKRAK4JDuJBh5LBJux-_CDHnti0A1ICRUuPAbmHqIZpDCd9Rm0sjiqy5xM4xFqXtOg-8sHdsVixSFvJYPFbBO9fcW1CEeKIikrLYoPFcbsHGLxo0AUTv4AsEVD2fyat26Nt09HDx2Pin8O/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_106.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1110" data-original-width="1600" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKRAK4JDuJBh5LBJux-_CDHnti0A1ICRUuPAbmHqIZpDCd9Rm0sjiqy5xM4xFqXtOg-8sHdsVixSFvJYPFbBO9fcW1CEeKIikrLYoPFcbsHGLxo0AUTv4AsEVD2fyat26Nt09HDx2Pin8O/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_106.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg08v4YBcl7Tkcj92-eyV1CzV8m85LfI2qRugmnaDc9MLkVxhgEAHgU5wf7KSXurp32Tj1i9-_wYRbm4yvMLGuR7xq-VupUbRrMJ25Jp6-hhXzJnSRcidHttYSHdYh5cGqUuCgrWh0LFVuU/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_103.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg08v4YBcl7Tkcj92-eyV1CzV8m85LfI2qRugmnaDc9MLkVxhgEAHgU5wf7KSXurp32Tj1i9-_wYRbm4yvMLGuR7xq-VupUbRrMJ25Jp6-hhXzJnSRcidHttYSHdYh5cGqUuCgrWh0LFVuU/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_103.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> ... being only partially successful.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Suddenly, it seemed that everyone was activated, with charges across the table.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the north, Bagration's light cavalry took on light and heavy cavalry from Murat's reserve. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfhArM5SuXPDkQ624lGBQdSrb2tiIE2MAnSA0Exm9CGp-ffk9I_dPj6np1f5Qv9cJQBHrK5-aq570-iYqGb3hyphenhyphenqQ1SImvnGhhUvM5SQD1fJU3FPIxRiATdk_93qI99Du96TXZl_xRZ1FVe/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_106.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfhArM5SuXPDkQ624lGBQdSrb2tiIE2MAnSA0Exm9CGp-ffk9I_dPj6np1f5Qv9cJQBHrK5-aq570-iYqGb3hyphenhyphenqQ1SImvnGhhUvM5SQD1fJU3FPIxRiATdk_93qI99Du96TXZl_xRZ1FVe/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_106.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVz2KGB_a1qrJEL2V0JR9ASdTPtvPIjWglCnIOEbUI_faKvyDlCzTULR-5iEOGnGxIEWO5i94TAWnb4B89Hqj1aq4DCdQ4WkUIi-ygZ-Tx-Agtavxyi80rg-UikhM7iIxy2nFCy0vxy33C/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_107.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVz2KGB_a1qrJEL2V0JR9ASdTPtvPIjWglCnIOEbUI_faKvyDlCzTULR-5iEOGnGxIEWO5i94TAWnb4B89Hqj1aq4DCdQ4WkUIi-ygZ-Tx-Agtavxyi80rg-UikhM7iIxy2nFCy0vxy33C/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_107.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">With mixed results.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOu1ia7Onsd_EQ0HDuKCMU1adIF-jCPpXlzq0sfeiXDjL_EIXvyxOg2cEFu9xR3rG1LakyDht9nRqlOuSZaz1MevMI0_zHeaRyKi5H7pM9ynxI8wixqiRahPBaVyJX1p1GbTgSmV4JFUCW/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_111.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOu1ia7Onsd_EQ0HDuKCMU1adIF-jCPpXlzq0sfeiXDjL_EIXvyxOg2cEFu9xR3rG1LakyDht9nRqlOuSZaz1MevMI0_zHeaRyKi5H7pM9ynxI8wixqiRahPBaVyJX1p1GbTgSmV4JFUCW/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_111.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj07yj1bbIcRH5EW_HSObb3X4-ikX-keOVRRBTAQDhrwpw9i7IqPoqQhm5Dn7EgVbch7EcIwNppAFeerMENmExBB0lordmn0Ywz59v1Lwxk7pV5IZ2_bBSsr8uJCF2Q6zTWSHV8ITiqdRVi/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_112.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1165" data-original-width="1600" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj07yj1bbIcRH5EW_HSObb3X4-ikX-keOVRRBTAQDhrwpw9i7IqPoqQhm5Dn7EgVbch7EcIwNppAFeerMENmExBB0lordmn0Ywz59v1Lwxk7pV5IZ2_bBSsr8uJCF2Q6zTWSHV8ITiqdRVi/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_112.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-Zkg8ycjtRMfRhgs79ajhaKaU70HPJHXoWz5WXV4EhmXf5Fqrt4LPrW744oovMkmiIHeIoUTRW1NFA1v0KM2bl6OkA9XFINhiHczK1Gl1LwGwP166RFCEk-WHZ3FBMmhzK8IZnte8JAss/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_113.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-Zkg8ycjtRMfRhgs79ajhaKaU70HPJHXoWz5WXV4EhmXf5Fqrt4LPrW744oovMkmiIHeIoUTRW1NFA1v0KM2bl6OkA9XFINhiHczK1Gl1LwGwP166RFCEk-WHZ3FBMmhzK8IZnte8JAss/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_113.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A unit of cuirassiers was caught in the flank,</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTn_gMW68rsFjbYZtfJCUO396zPb9CuGmgrb0GbYIFz4DtaayJjSRj5TqfbS-nGGGk0JJfg_feuZkMdGOFcsTmtyHB7OV4RvS94l54ZlyhMuSkCU9Qsmcc1lBaFcClB3K_UqEDfBFCPQ_S/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_114.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTn_gMW68rsFjbYZtfJCUO396zPb9CuGmgrb0GbYIFz4DtaayJjSRj5TqfbS-nGGGk0JJfg_feuZkMdGOFcsTmtyHB7OV4RvS94l54ZlyhMuSkCU9Qsmcc1lBaFcClB3K_UqEDfBFCPQ_S/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_114.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">... but the Russian hussar's breakthrough onto the infantry square was not to be one of those rare successes of history.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB1ia6aI6bA7ctSCZWmgMCbV9aw_V761_Zcv25OMAzE628XtHVu3zO7QE8fcU_EpqIi6omdAn9-fodtui43JLMRBIvGQjkm6odKAXRosNJ6qwCFZ0guX9PHg_r3Wj86kEDvXkCImutTo2e/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_115.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiB1ia6aI6bA7ctSCZWmgMCbV9aw_V761_Zcv25OMAzE628XtHVu3zO7QE8fcU_EpqIi6omdAn9-fodtui43JLMRBIvGQjkm6odKAXRosNJ6qwCFZ0guX9PHg_r3Wj86kEDvXkCImutTo2e/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_115.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">On the left of I Corps the ground shook as the heavies came to grips—each side rolling a one!</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixqSTWY8gOKCBtnuoRj_fpjVVATEfyvKK2zgnwQd3q6VKjobNJNo_hJPqHZWbvlAqbWT_azt7sOoqULau9G4TW57Z5YLPB1wQ-tbmOt_wu7fam-TPijgp2KAlSwN3bMJREfoSXy6Mqj5tf/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_116.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="990" data-original-width="1600" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixqSTWY8gOKCBtnuoRj_fpjVVATEfyvKK2zgnwQd3q6VKjobNJNo_hJPqHZWbvlAqbWT_azt7sOoqULau9G4TW57Z5YLPB1wQ-tbmOt_wu7fam-TPijgp2KAlSwN3bMJREfoSXy6Mqj5tf/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_116.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That produced something akin to a nil all draw.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(It was Tim's fourth '1' in a row. His dice that afternoon were awful).</span></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGTYBUeYyLMTN588JoG58u9CU52Moic194kHKdHsuuYdgwsSLs1ZhJp4XO-3ZKGpivO2tABR6AyCb2-ZusNQU61fxEqIOmZpTI2dnLTfd1_Hdtdqee0w9ySLelwHKIIUAilobqdhIhy2ZO/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_108.jpg" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">On the Pratzen Heights, Kutusov prepared his line.</span></div>
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<span style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_HpSffz-hyyBY__XFKqiNaKzXF1XVxim_0l70IKQfWK85ST-VJQxXibG7h7gzIYJ6NdokL10JQ5HxZHcCibBkby2nmB5nJaQ2SsK-Jt9Jnkhzp8pfczCQaf9pRGBellouiHVc0pqovEgB/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_109.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: -webkit-standard; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_HpSffz-hyyBY__XFKqiNaKzXF1XVxim_0l70IKQfWK85ST-VJQxXibG7h7gzIYJ6NdokL10JQ5HxZHcCibBkby2nmB5nJaQ2SsK-Jt9Jnkhzp8pfczCQaf9pRGBellouiHVc0pqovEgB/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_109.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Oudinot's men launched an aggressive attack and made some headway.</span></div>
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<span style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC7IKOvrGEc9-I_wW85Q0HTb5l8hCHBJHCjrQKQJnf7I_YNY7GBKOzo70S0rq8yGuGZV5bBArwTCkDR5jGuiyvXNdqx09sn2e6qlT-FWcq464FRDWv-3mK96-A8BQyW-rFvJYZ_TnuUblB/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_110.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: -webkit-standard; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiC7IKOvrGEc9-I_wW85Q0HTb5l8hCHBJHCjrQKQJnf7I_YNY7GBKOzo70S0rq8yGuGZV5bBArwTCkDR5jGuiyvXNdqx09sn2e6qlT-FWcq464FRDWv-3mK96-A8BQyW-rFvJYZ_TnuUblB/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_110.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLrfk3m42CU8oju1c3SkMGnN_1a23fiTvj47PvWua85Bpsugjt5x3rzxHGIglnBSptakJnrA3_Lrzit2t8oNhjgYNCUsMWyY8QVhEadECylSFVs5jWm1j21GtpdgNiW1aKoaeUgpC2xB2O/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_117.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLrfk3m42CU8oju1c3SkMGnN_1a23fiTvj47PvWua85Bpsugjt5x3rzxHGIglnBSptakJnrA3_Lrzit2t8oNhjgYNCUsMWyY8QVhEadECylSFVs5jWm1j21GtpdgNiW1aKoaeUgpC2xB2O/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_117.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">With Rivaud's 1st division infantry of I Corps pulled back from the 12 pdrs, Nansouty sent in the supporting cuirassiers.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3owlQ8XNGu9CJEc3qLY7NhhLykGLTRv8Ah_RlAl6OhmMwoB-PJwGTK7G5BIAES2Km7Zv0VPgbww0_TL4ESwbt2f9PUitSi_GzsLKPC8jbGB_jG-QedYAQ-2G_R1qPsa_83j8yYk1V3Hil/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_118.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1165" data-original-width="1600" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3owlQ8XNGu9CJEc3qLY7NhhLykGLTRv8Ah_RlAl6OhmMwoB-PJwGTK7G5BIAES2Km7Zv0VPgbww0_TL4ESwbt2f9PUitSi_GzsLKPC8jbGB_jG-QedYAQ-2G_R1qPsa_83j8yYk1V3Hil/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_118.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Success! How to follow-up?</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf6Vw3-gcXHLF9d1w9HFa6hUdJon6dv_61l1BGCyzkvJIjbKkutHu_wTb_1I6OpP7vBwkO1EBxSegNXTqknbQuZS-DBANDMYHseK7ix5wpxI7t4M2dkpZeLFRIY78DtahJCgZanDkht-w1/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_119.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1195" data-original-width="1600" height="239" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf6Vw3-gcXHLF9d1w9HFa6hUdJon6dv_61l1BGCyzkvJIjbKkutHu_wTb_1I6OpP7vBwkO1EBxSegNXTqknbQuZS-DBANDMYHseK7ix5wpxI7t4M2dkpZeLFRIY78DtahJCgZanDkht-w1/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_119.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Soult had reformed his troops following the attack of the Russian Guard.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The action continued across the table.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP4Z6Hj7Fp2ixaPq09juT9QzLnnNYKXelZvmABZXj02fknKpQMgwlEde2F4mWSLiZXCVy09y-CNWSubaZhq1iNr3_cDhDVN5hGVElRGnCJvhROOwJmxLYt5oJPt5Azyw2hTdzonft180Mu/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_120.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1097" data-original-width="1600" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP4Z6Hj7Fp2ixaPq09juT9QzLnnNYKXelZvmABZXj02fknKpQMgwlEde2F4mWSLiZXCVy09y-CNWSubaZhq1iNr3_cDhDVN5hGVElRGnCJvhROOwJmxLYt5oJPt5Azyw2hTdzonft180Mu/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_120.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Light cavalry chequers in the north.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfUUzYNLPbKl599nmBzgbpDsI37uHQCvkA3LDlkijif5xmvqbihKSFWGAFisLRNsKznM9Itrs7b2G_gtgWpJrV2KkybCcNgum996LHaXnnhg1LdOAP3KOgCgLnIxR_XM45XScakcW_8rPM/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_121.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgfUUzYNLPbKl599nmBzgbpDsI37uHQCvkA3LDlkijif5xmvqbihKSFWGAFisLRNsKznM9Itrs7b2G_gtgWpJrV2KkybCcNgum996LHaXnnhg1LdOAP3KOgCgLnIxR_XM45XScakcW_8rPM/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_121.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oudinot pressing on the heights.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh01v6DEJP0z6o8f2kpgdnrsHRFVzOx6HmYgXQtXvLQXMuWyH5KKDkwJwamKACwHT6DAyCPsPuVLi-vdrNWSGrqbQQHDZMIuoTzWHpig7LT4ifH4Ti8zba0ex8a20Z-wZ145HV9X3V4tlBf/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_122.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh01v6DEJP0z6o8f2kpgdnrsHRFVzOx6HmYgXQtXvLQXMuWyH5KKDkwJwamKACwHT6DAyCPsPuVLi-vdrNWSGrqbQQHDZMIuoTzWHpig7LT4ifH4Ti8zba0ex8a20Z-wZ145HV9X3V4tlBf/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_122.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Legrand and Davout beginning to join up their lines in the south.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2jpvaNWGl7A9phNp26uSn_6p17bZjjWp9A1jDVX-vORKP9SMDWJvB3pgcRJbWhc2Oyksxg9xQLaMSNSEZCrnkDixUHAdMGHQWoNxvfv2XW-6VX9KnhQwsHexLbot3eXyeSe2YVjl7LpTO/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_123.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1104" data-original-width="1600" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2jpvaNWGl7A9phNp26uSn_6p17bZjjWp9A1jDVX-vORKP9SMDWJvB3pgcRJbWhc2Oyksxg9xQLaMSNSEZCrnkDixUHAdMGHQWoNxvfv2XW-6VX9KnhQwsHexLbot3eXyeSe2YVjl7LpTO/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_123.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Back with I Corps, Rivaud prepared for a division assault to finally take the hill,...</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9qwBK7PRHcdHi9UzmPApL5sTGUnwmm2Y8Vu9szONxtwu4H5vDaiN4-pZMRncdrt-BiZJ11eMU5yh_GNXHJqblf72FtRdJXw5MDyjt9t5Me_pZD8TZWs8Nyxsl06CXi3Lc1sxgSWi_DQLV/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_124.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1125" data-original-width="1600" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9qwBK7PRHcdHi9UzmPApL5sTGUnwmm2Y8Vu9szONxtwu4H5vDaiN4-pZMRncdrt-BiZJ11eMU5yh_GNXHJqblf72FtRdJXw5MDyjt9t5Me_pZD8TZWs8Nyxsl06CXi3Lc1sxgSWi_DQLV/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_124.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...but the sight of Russian horse guards (or perhaps chevalier guards), coupled with 'Sire's' orders to 'keep them occupied and not do anything rash' stayed Bernadotte's hand.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQU98J7RfH-UVm8YMOgGqEudupjNQwEfj-DTzKKq0bivSMkInkxHQgxUV6qch19SRapDcvXr6IPdPalMnQM93k0hhAIUNu8fyE5nQECSkzOOTrKCY3G5QGVa8-D_b04j3fRy7FU-K-JcF2/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_125.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQU98J7RfH-UVm8YMOgGqEudupjNQwEfj-DTzKKq0bivSMkInkxHQgxUV6qch19SRapDcvXr6IPdPalMnQM93k0hhAIUNu8fyE5nQECSkzOOTrKCY3G5QGVa8-D_b04j3fRy7FU-K-JcF2/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_125.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The stalling of the French attack in the centre did not matter as Legrand and Davout had achieved wonders in the south. First one and then the other of Docturov's brigades retreated, followed later by Langeron's.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE7o_Gat4QUdjUGgOyhyphenhyphenBYllU8nFeP7sdHC-vRBKc7T5V_e9ZMJFy35-LejvDwvh3H-BMUw6ad3VB80TChDRk_NXNBygavjaW-3n8wVRkyOk9kT3OAEBfc6luCoQy1bBVmxf1LzN4AwlNE/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_126.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1129" data-original-width="1600" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgE7o_Gat4QUdjUGgOyhyphenhyphenBYllU8nFeP7sdHC-vRBKc7T5V_e9ZMJFy35-LejvDwvh3H-BMUw6ad3VB80TChDRk_NXNBygavjaW-3n8wVRkyOk9kT3OAEBfc6luCoQy1bBVmxf1LzN4AwlNE/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_126.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Similarly in the north, where Lannes was now in clear control.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiebU6miwZzNhoZpxlSjNFz0-wmfvE99ZPgt8Y1NItOWZV-w0pdCavls3wcJtLdaXrVuiVRNXDBKh7dMUww8JNOa5extqCVncpAQNeCq1c31eI3lBRVNVP-DvoROuIO0EtEjOFZSXeuYWL_/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_127.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiebU6miwZzNhoZpxlSjNFz0-wmfvE99ZPgt8Y1NItOWZV-w0pdCavls3wcJtLdaXrVuiVRNXDBKh7dMUww8JNOa5extqCVncpAQNeCq1c31eI3lBRVNVP-DvoROuIO0EtEjOFZSXeuYWL_/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_127.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In fact, it was only in the centre that the allied line held.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbCORFoFrall1f0uK37-MEo3K5WA2Z95yoFDuHxNww0veE5HxYfkQ6BhKhByVmeW-azxVLImjS7lbrIs-4UdgmYWszn0qoq5xEr7UM-YrKK1kJr58eBZZ_nLCWPomSfX5hy7UOgt0B5ifV/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_128.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1096" data-original-width="1600" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbCORFoFrall1f0uK37-MEo3K5WA2Z95yoFDuHxNww0veE5HxYfkQ6BhKhByVmeW-azxVLImjS7lbrIs-4UdgmYWszn0qoq5xEr7UM-YrKK1kJr58eBZZ_nLCWPomSfX5hy7UOgt0B5ifV/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_128.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">They can been seen in this photo, clinging to the 'edge of the world' (top left of photo).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At this point (Saturday night) the game was called as a French victory.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Let's do a quick recce. of the table.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3AiWZDyfjt6r28IjFynpEXaYgdOiDGc0wvpcGBCGxJmvIi4lC-GDQszWHSBBoxu-c7yZL6UdHp6hSbR8G0QZABaiMjMM_a3Xhugg66phOyQw-zzc5CzNEn2hZqIQdaVUv1pkcIe6qLHq9/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_129.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1051" data-original-width="1600" height="210" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3AiWZDyfjt6r28IjFynpEXaYgdOiDGc0wvpcGBCGxJmvIi4lC-GDQszWHSBBoxu-c7yZL6UdHp6hSbR8G0QZABaiMjMM_a3Xhugg66phOyQw-zzc5CzNEn2hZqIQdaVUv1pkcIe6qLHq9/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_129.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lannes ascendant in the north, what is left of Bagration in the foreground.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv02gYnNJnWaIfe_qJo1VxIyIdTIZ7XsuMIg_M5BSq2H8irp5lmRI2rl39SCOs2nI0moJl1DNPLY-ihRRmezIb_2751fP0VK7Lc33OSGeO93bRLeuoDeEaCHdG-78NI4PwWnKVfdh8PWcs/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_130.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="957" data-original-width="1600" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjv02gYnNJnWaIfe_qJo1VxIyIdTIZ7XsuMIg_M5BSq2H8irp5lmRI2rl39SCOs2nI0moJl1DNPLY-ihRRmezIb_2751fP0VK7Lc33OSGeO93bRLeuoDeEaCHdG-78NI4PwWnKVfdh8PWcs/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_130.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">To the left of Lannes, Liechtenstein and Murat's cavalry back to facing off.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHwDVsZfjBWYEi2G4WqJjPZ4r8HIgyuLrKwHdipNF-auLdpP2HWv1HLa09slFMyj0e-s9vKHGZe7MuW8EOy3d-zBTtnpOc-qvqmzCBGiobebOr2vzisyEeobseBehkKcg0USvHot40z2FH/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_131.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="759" data-original-width="1600" height="151" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHwDVsZfjBWYEi2G4WqJjPZ4r8HIgyuLrKwHdipNF-auLdpP2HWv1HLa09slFMyj0e-s9vKHGZe7MuW8EOy3d-zBTtnpOc-qvqmzCBGiobebOr2vzisyEeobseBehkKcg0USvHot40z2FH/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_131.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I Corps' still in reasonable shape, but failed to take 'that hill'.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8IuQYK28bB70k08yR8R0QSbl3NEigu46ydICSP5M-yhA1YVGPNH8_xeQ-jzmVlrcoCv2jGroUBlPPQxE8fUBDjINTEJneEw92UJNuqCf_bskunwQggZ5S7WarZ1Lp-dZf9Hak-bnycsDY/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_132.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1041" data-original-width="1600" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi8IuQYK28bB70k08yR8R0QSbl3NEigu46ydICSP5M-yhA1YVGPNH8_xeQ-jzmVlrcoCv2jGroUBlPPQxE8fUBDjINTEJneEw92UJNuqCf_bskunwQggZ5S7WarZ1Lp-dZf9Hak-bnycsDY/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_132.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Pratzen heights back in French hands.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUzYkr-WgFFrc1RncMwskEZNXcmDBq3d0RLnzHbXZOEIOKHiaU-b-nHW4knGJWjWNV5dsBYcuaqlG6MkAM336ESbE4Gb7i3goAwRUTwTo-QKePbfTbDNvBBkexpbejMiiFdkppG8bl6iX9/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_133.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="803" data-original-width="1600" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUzYkr-WgFFrc1RncMwskEZNXcmDBq3d0RLnzHbXZOEIOKHiaU-b-nHW4knGJWjWNV5dsBYcuaqlG6MkAM336ESbE4Gb7i3goAwRUTwTo-QKePbfTbDNvBBkexpbejMiiFdkppG8bl6iX9/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_133.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the south, the allied left flank n'existe plus!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Interestingly, the plans of both sides had failed. The allies intended to use Buxhowden's wing (Langeron and Docturov) as the hammers against the anvil of Kollowrath with the Guard and cavalry joining in the assault. The French had intended to break the allied centre and then swing right (or left) as befitted the situation. While the French attack on the centre achieved some success, it was blunted by some dour defence, hesitant attack (especially by Bernadotte) and the Russian Guard's counter-attack. So it was that the brilliant success of Davout and Legrand (in particular), and Lannes' holding action which became a local victory along with the successful attack on the Pratzen heights that decided the day.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">While not the utter rout of history, the French victory was significant and may well have lead to the treaty desired by Napoleon. It would have tested the theory of historians such as Alistair Horne who have assessed that Napoleon's compete victory at Austerlitz contributed to the on-going wars and his eventual downfall. One can only ponder such alternative histories.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It was a fabulous game. A huge, public thank you to the wargaming hosts with the most, Tim and Jill and to all of the NWA Napoleonic group for allowing me once again to join them for their special, annual mega-game. Thank you all.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQTlnMA4uj-N0TVT8zLwZJLwED7FrGjERZgJmKGAD6_WwDQvL0qMg5tbcg-bUeR-FjcEusPkbZtUKXDGA6aNjBLnU1iNmHTI0Vgh3JrjCbvjGuQ8wxuHmcdFTzRUYqmysYOAhhptEo5Djl/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_134.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhQTlnMA4uj-N0TVT8zLwZJLwED7FrGjERZgJmKGAD6_WwDQvL0qMg5tbcg-bUeR-FjcEusPkbZtUKXDGA6aNjBLnU1iNmHTI0Vgh3JrjCbvjGuQ8wxuHmcdFTzRUYqmysYOAhhptEo5Djl/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_134.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After the packing up on Sunday, I did some more visiting of rellies in Vic. and SA that afternoon/evening, Monday and Tuesday. I left Adelaide to hit the road in earnest on Tuesday afternoon, reaching WA early afternoon on Wednesday.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSV_yPkuwsF_kN_j25yHzLCaA3hE0NsNl8wr1bTWajr0DGj8lcn9TqAvy3USCDsP-i5aJxLwyRHtw8Sq9RRRe2xdPFPVn4Jy39ul8OOVcTrXF6Mmfip1mXEMCCtAC97V-I5ovm1wKZ0JIb/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_135.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSV_yPkuwsF_kN_j25yHzLCaA3hE0NsNl8wr1bTWajr0DGj8lcn9TqAvy3USCDsP-i5aJxLwyRHtw8Sq9RRRe2xdPFPVn4Jy39ul8OOVcTrXF6Mmfip1mXEMCCtAC97V-I5ovm1wKZ0JIb/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_135.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I had my biggest drive that day (1 254 km), stopping at a marvellous camp spot west of Caiguna.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW2g_wG9gDmFKO0E56POWDkNF9W3dF-UJ1GbKTQ-xuHV6i_esJsv5jGHN6lHKt_X2fY_BVbNPCoFb5UYXJA4u3_YNZWJ8bmVAXtikL_TnXNN4Gy2uHviKomidgfPpCNASHFxkRRA4saq1h/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_136.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhW2g_wG9gDmFKO0E56POWDkNF9W3dF-UJ1GbKTQ-xuHV6i_esJsv5jGHN6lHKt_X2fY_BVbNPCoFb5UYXJA4u3_YNZWJ8bmVAXtikL_TnXNN4Gy2uHviKomidgfPpCNASHFxkRRA4saq1h/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_136.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Up before dawn for the 885 km trundle home.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib4t_HQcfVKJbwyRZk8zLSO-Gskti8MGATu4_e01i2Pl4FpU1Wkz9MrI5ehCwVvnYoTzfkQ9S8kIVA7Y8t_zhf_dCFlSRXgywh8HIReENtUIIg03-P0Upi66Z0oRedOPKtvDWgMZDCF8Xz/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_137.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1245" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEib4t_HQcfVKJbwyRZk8zLSO-Gskti8MGATu4_e01i2Pl4FpU1Wkz9MrI5ehCwVvnYoTzfkQ9S8kIVA7Y8t_zhf_dCFlSRXgywh8HIReENtUIIg03-P0Upi66Z0oRedOPKtvDWgMZDCF8Xz/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_137.jpg" width="249" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So, just after lunch on the 10th Jan. the VU-Au was parked up in front of the Ralph Fisher Memorial room.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>Epilogue</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Part two of this series of posts stimulated a bit of discussion about summer temperatures in different environments across the world. We had one of our common, hot summer days yesterday (max. over 41ºC), with a cool change to 37ºC today ahead of mid to low 30s for the rest of the week, and associated cool nights of around 15ºC (my personal preferred summer pattern). </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It's a much drier environment than Drouin, especially in summer, but there is plenty of beauty.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDjPfxJqMaygOeIShOocHomvckBUIJ4jA7qmhqWCt9JYSwp9BgTJOZB2lvoBT6pI2ok26JtBoxgKlO0ObebroJR4HNuBkd-UMVk3hRsJ-LjUF8oZhGkcJGj42-eSCT8FugRaFv8X_5jKn4/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_138.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDjPfxJqMaygOeIShOocHomvckBUIJ4jA7qmhqWCt9JYSwp9BgTJOZB2lvoBT6pI2ok26JtBoxgKlO0ObebroJR4HNuBkd-UMVk3hRsJ-LjUF8oZhGkcJGj42-eSCT8FugRaFv8X_5jKn4/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_138.jpg" width="240" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Here's one amazing example, that we have not previously seen. This normally orange-flowered Bougainvillea has, on one branch, both orange and purple flowers. It's wonderful to see the ranges and changes in the landscape and vegetation as one drives across Australia, but there are always wonders in one's own front yard. Isn't nature wonderful?!</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq-Kf1z_fNRTaIZBTNWOC9OZC-_Gw5lMAWi8xBENdiFXSwUqftVTLwSB-RUXcO3saNBZDFKtsu7Jzi1I3sgwWzOL6DZLhVl3xMTxZ-588z9W7fZlDY1EUhahWA4sJoL6ASgjJEACbRlkv7/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_138.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1243" data-original-width="1600" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhq-Kf1z_fNRTaIZBTNWOC9OZC-_Gw5lMAWi8xBENdiFXSwUqftVTLwSB-RUXcO3saNBZDFKtsu7Jzi1I3sgwWzOL6DZLhVl3xMTxZ-588z9W7fZlDY1EUhahWA4sJoL6ASgjJEACbRlkv7/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_138.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com15tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-44269652419667665662019-01-06T10:37:00.001+08:002019-01-06T10:37:04.048+08:003 500 km to Austerlitz no. 2: Part 3<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">Moving into the first full day of the game</span> (Friday), we pick up in the centre of the French army, with Bernadotte's lead (2nd) Division (Drouet) on the left...</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggxFN56wT8dVFMIHIWqSezbtXh9fuHovdl3MeDaXpE__lrcPGGdSSAGlQGsLi9Zi9gJOm7hEFHh1sTDohgxLdvFriFs-1wGXPQAKOvWY7ftznC2E0pmeVZZ89uvWiaDDoxLWI-UwQe5pk0/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_44.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1168" data-original-width="1600" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggxFN56wT8dVFMIHIWqSezbtXh9fuHovdl3MeDaXpE__lrcPGGdSSAGlQGsLi9Zi9gJOm7hEFHh1sTDohgxLdvFriFs-1wGXPQAKOvWY7ftznC2E0pmeVZZ89uvWiaDDoxLWI-UwQe5pk0/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_44.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsB90-Srh2Ww4vZfdG2Nzbgo9LOXVbXJu0HSeo7ZBjobLeDr26ORgSqPW_HpdEGp8UJ-fhNEmYgfClSQYVFeBHrvGUMPT8nBOy0Mh26AsVowzsEdZlgJGr6fPRbSFmw8GRlAN1GuMmUbVi/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_45.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjsB90-Srh2Ww4vZfdG2Nzbgo9LOXVbXJu0HSeo7ZBjobLeDr26ORgSqPW_HpdEGp8UJ-fhNEmYgfClSQYVFeBHrvGUMPT8nBOy0Mh26AsVowzsEdZlgJGr6fPRbSFmw8GRlAN1GuMmUbVi/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_45.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">... of Soult's IV Corps.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhie0l7xxmvdxcVZ6T58sF1bBfyHV_5xDEOZH1frPBROstXrTYkSXifvkRi90oAAscM5NAI5ynycwD9vFi5KNzAEgbP4qqIKcSU0EucQGZM-4I6wU2bjFZxKmXAs7WIZ6RfYKBNdnZTf-ih/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_46.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1143" data-original-width="1600" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhie0l7xxmvdxcVZ6T58sF1bBfyHV_5xDEOZH1frPBROstXrTYkSXifvkRi90oAAscM5NAI5ynycwD9vFi5KNzAEgbP4qqIKcSU0EucQGZM-4I6wU2bjFZxKmXAs7WIZ6RfYKBNdnZTf-ih/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_46.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the south, Davout's III Corps had arrived,</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrtO9T6MCfp3JnsryEKd4pyQwkErLbSmZPaQE2uzAafBMAW-D1CAue9LRFyY62Z05K837s56tQ-UJAo91uE8jeIdpCQZPLUXpLNWb0_luiBVWuD5lwMl1HZ8J00LtfWqunJGwZkrDbpdo-/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_47.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrtO9T6MCfp3JnsryEKd4pyQwkErLbSmZPaQE2uzAafBMAW-D1CAue9LRFyY62Z05K837s56tQ-UJAo91uE8jeIdpCQZPLUXpLNWb0_luiBVWuD5lwMl1HZ8J00LtfWqunJGwZkrDbpdo-/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_47.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">... to be greeted by Keinmeyer's cavalry, but they were not keen to engage with the newly formed squares. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZlzayzGrVtPkmbqOlufZ8oVHcswDW3VORqGYqeUrB-9G04qhFbFbsYGV_yvhaMNMJ8y5vDlsWpcOqMIjgI1bCqu3ghw85Y4NK2UvLf1I-GDYeRaHvJYSb28T-Gvi03fJ17j2vmGWKcRyS/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_48.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZlzayzGrVtPkmbqOlufZ8oVHcswDW3VORqGYqeUrB-9G04qhFbFbsYGV_yvhaMNMJ8y5vDlsWpcOqMIjgI1bCqu3ghw85Y4NK2UvLf1I-GDYeRaHvJYSb28T-Gvi03fJ17j2vmGWKcRyS/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_48.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXgxy-imJ9Pzb16YjHxD4NuaeKzVE4BdMvkn3y9ZDdUaFJA9N3gfPvso9By5Ph57eOLG-w5hQSg57diH-Ej01YFDTBb3VqY42Wp7gRZpg51fxNP2A3x9yuWrP62T8sm64UFz9Z5tEmxcFs/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_49.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXgxy-imJ9Pzb16YjHxD4NuaeKzVE4BdMvkn3y9ZDdUaFJA9N3gfPvso9By5Ph57eOLG-w5hQSg57diH-Ej01YFDTBb3VqY42Wp7gRZpg51fxNP2A3x9yuWrP62T8sm64UFz9Z5tEmxcFs/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_49.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the north, Lannes began what was to be his own private battle with Bagration.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrx9q3Q-osvyD6OOnLuJ8EfT4Fr-2NdiqS6QYyvuur2bFtDgcpHZfWvDGHyMZ7RplzuI4u721_aQZvv90eDpmE0CPSarzUeGQUrGCp2-Mcky8rJ1YSHQTgMN-dgsYUbvTHHKvNndx_2Elf/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_50.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="956" data-original-width="1600" height="191" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrx9q3Q-osvyD6OOnLuJ8EfT4Fr-2NdiqS6QYyvuur2bFtDgcpHZfWvDGHyMZ7RplzuI4u721_aQZvv90eDpmE0CPSarzUeGQUrGCp2-Mcky8rJ1YSHQTgMN-dgsYUbvTHHKvNndx_2Elf/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_50.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Back in the centre, Drouet's division had now deployed and was ready to advance to attack in support of Soult.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUfSZGZvzGLfj1wmH2RpReKw1bzqZQsCA-TGGWZv0sCLyU-gjSjPs1wPW049pidDkWINvmclUE5YG_P-Nyetw9FHbjotkVrDlEfzcjN1ZcBOuPwXg2rlYMGggbVwTXb4tC5bWv_wp9QiIg/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_51.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUfSZGZvzGLfj1wmH2RpReKw1bzqZQsCA-TGGWZv0sCLyU-gjSjPs1wPW049pidDkWINvmclUE5YG_P-Nyetw9FHbjotkVrDlEfzcjN1ZcBOuPwXg2rlYMGggbVwTXb4tC5bWv_wp9QiIg/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_51.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">On the allied right, Liechtenstein's cavalry faced off with the bulk of Murat's heavies.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuYDSQqbpvhoyXSMv7Y3LieSduSEyXlRCriDWxSUnKbcdhB_L7EqSzDf4WvyHCqCTiYDr9_-WB4a19zorlavzD_14IqAlqUZeX3EJXL3P6h8JPQH9WHx-XGnoDqdWsXMh5RZ-OocWm45n7/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_52.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhuYDSQqbpvhoyXSMv7Y3LieSduSEyXlRCriDWxSUnKbcdhB_L7EqSzDf4WvyHCqCTiYDr9_-WB4a19zorlavzD_14IqAlqUZeX3EJXL3P6h8JPQH9WHx-XGnoDqdWsXMh5RZ-OocWm45n7/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_52.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The centre seen from each side of the table.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmuREDdi7rOcalMxLp7v42DpvuqwJImNsWazkTPJYtQ6SucPJZmO3x9nYRFOHzPHe7eQT9PLVVK3zE4LrR0IP6yCYg-yvqCXpB_XKyu_a3IhwjZeslIROjvrRNIO0HZdVHCDmpfqxRZHFi/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_53.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1148" data-original-width="1600" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmuREDdi7rOcalMxLp7v42DpvuqwJImNsWazkTPJYtQ6SucPJZmO3x9nYRFOHzPHe7eQT9PLVVK3zE4LrR0IP6yCYg-yvqCXpB_XKyu_a3IhwjZeslIROjvrRNIO0HZdVHCDmpfqxRZHFi/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_53.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcokp_XZaUZao-hUfCj-HZyIiM6tPeHsx8FRMxn8blzHf6cWMkG1oj83pGaHbCPSXGR1MdZ5qBGK7rZVHwhQikv-ZBFzqMpZ1C38F7FD2r47UBFM7FRQImT6GYfZ9T4lzqJ4m_4l_4VIp-/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_54.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcokp_XZaUZao-hUfCj-HZyIiM6tPeHsx8FRMxn8blzHf6cWMkG1oj83pGaHbCPSXGR1MdZ5qBGK7rZVHwhQikv-ZBFzqMpZ1C38F7FD2r47UBFM7FRQImT6GYfZ9T4lzqJ4m_4l_4VIp-/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_54.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Allied high command: the two Emperors clearly co-ordinating well! :)</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6R43FzPuXH6yfWpRbm-PyXs3tDmevdQSYlmP9fMocN2rteCWoRzZRlBTP_pR5jD88g1nGar2QICpUF2F906yOwBxMXtb1148RuEgqaDdPMA-pJifTWRmUyIgrnQjsMm2cRTrl81C84Fx7/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_55.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6R43FzPuXH6yfWpRbm-PyXs3tDmevdQSYlmP9fMocN2rteCWoRzZRlBTP_pR5jD88g1nGar2QICpUF2F906yOwBxMXtb1148RuEgqaDdPMA-pJifTWRmUyIgrnQjsMm2cRTrl81C84Fx7/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_55.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Soult's troops (Vandamme) were first in, capturing Blasowitz,</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzK376MvsrD5YjzaH6jWVYy0z7vARY-6O2LmGFvHWrd0zvWkHq1VkjwmWpcZcOqywbSx51ASvo5VDUc1Tm31l5n8lOL-lusy2cOvW8-InCq4f8sC4nkc9H0cSYYaiuiHV1XkPnS9J7r2Fx/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_56.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjzK376MvsrD5YjzaH6jWVYy0z7vARY-6O2LmGFvHWrd0zvWkHq1VkjwmWpcZcOqywbSx51ASvo5VDUc1Tm31l5n8lOL-lusy2cOvW8-InCq4f8sC4nkc9H0cSYYaiuiHV1XkPnS9J7r2Fx/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_56.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">... before following on to clash with Kollowrath's main line.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM04OqD5O2ZY7nFfwvR6ML-nKoqNycdlg7USVRTwA3AWtlv3DUP1vRKAcy0lt6bVvlTCQpegDebfOCaWfETvP5IB2lb6ewflWzCbnmK_jx-r0j4nQ3g71nWzDSTGBRYiVE0dWfCNef8f2t/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_57.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiM04OqD5O2ZY7nFfwvR6ML-nKoqNycdlg7USVRTwA3AWtlv3DUP1vRKAcy0lt6bVvlTCQpegDebfOCaWfETvP5IB2lb6ewflWzCbnmK_jx-r0j4nQ3g71nWzDSTGBRYiVE0dWfCNef8f2t/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_57.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hey Soult, leave some for me!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj57fCgnoqdaZPPcLf2lja0ll0C3qhnSEyjlaVBMBssvzdPVlavf1LFibgib0jRSSubrLgMwaVm7awQwe3TGvwp6vBcews0CWVFcJOmRrIS981LMjURTrhMDUU8hRm-i-hLS_pB4odAblS6/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_58.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj57fCgnoqdaZPPcLf2lja0ll0C3qhnSEyjlaVBMBssvzdPVlavf1LFibgib0jRSSubrLgMwaVm7awQwe3TGvwp6vBcews0CWVFcJOmRrIS981LMjURTrhMDUU8hRm-i-hLS_pB4odAblS6/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_58.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More success for Soult's men.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFvChPw6y8AuLSx-5i_HjgpKKxkOFuzSqJ8wmtDV9hAdDR30QphbOAFxHD70KYoQFYiYOhVq1lSfV44DqT1tN4jfosPHE4PGm9uk_ulvM-TuDnWHQTD22ryatsX2pwZGj0TC2Ek4k29JYT/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_59.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1103" data-original-width="1600" height="220" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFvChPw6y8AuLSx-5i_HjgpKKxkOFuzSqJ8wmtDV9hAdDR30QphbOAFxHD70KYoQFYiYOhVq1lSfV44DqT1tN4jfosPHE4PGm9uk_ulvM-TuDnWHQTD22ryatsX2pwZGj0TC2Ek4k29JYT/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_59.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Allied line was 'compromised'.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-TiIH3DEFiR8bBDa7SiN5W_SMmPuCPusdUelJHsOjGsIcVpwj4e-5m2C2JfUeuiF9GZJX9kpzgyhmGZu5dXqPZKFlMMXtUvjsmsWJWM4cYf0wPRwtgAKPEeS3vLAf6JIN8lLya1qBolAQ/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_60.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1147" data-original-width="1600" height="229" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-TiIH3DEFiR8bBDa7SiN5W_SMmPuCPusdUelJHsOjGsIcVpwj4e-5m2C2JfUeuiF9GZJX9kpzgyhmGZu5dXqPZKFlMMXtUvjsmsWJWM4cYf0wPRwtgAKPEeS3vLAf6JIN8lLya1qBolAQ/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_60.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Drouet joined in the 'fun' at Kollowrath's expense!</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBJT8D0gew_Z4gUZ0XBmbpmuakN1SWKDxnhU1fKajw6cZcPfNFX109PQ5I4uqUT72bP0sgCJw3mvDqRJVG_kNdtEdTxBfk1D6IinUIwXlUmNpT9wGbaXPLZrllMw7yyKUjsMEQNAQyAIB1/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_61.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBJT8D0gew_Z4gUZ0XBmbpmuakN1SWKDxnhU1fKajw6cZcPfNFX109PQ5I4uqUT72bP0sgCJw3mvDqRJVG_kNdtEdTxBfk1D6IinUIwXlUmNpT9wGbaXPLZrllMw7yyKUjsMEQNAQyAIB1/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_61.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSoj6Umt89MMi219bUH1FZOCERX3GJ1itaYEcog_vv3nzTCN330bsr5P2z8IViPWOcXm4yDMOBmifUTYO4Uk8P9-91kvTeQtxHkc-hu-Rah5qmd8hEWAdlKkxi96fkhlkicNf1xNmf8reQ/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_62.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSoj6Umt89MMi219bUH1FZOCERX3GJ1itaYEcog_vv3nzTCN330bsr5P2z8IViPWOcXm4yDMOBmifUTYO4Uk8P9-91kvTeQtxHkc-hu-Rah5qmd8hEWAdlKkxi96fkhlkicNf1xNmf8reQ/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_62.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Soult was ably supported by d'Hautpoul's cuirassiers.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFV6cpslIUxfCYiwyreBzmXMdX36Fkzy4fgne1y_4NyMdpL61L4tCfSgRfjykOIv1WJA9QQGqFoccDpncoDGZ02HN491oQQ0yJBk047D_79-ODa2vlWg3gK3sFmXxRY5V6fZHpUhNvFAhF/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_63.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1164" data-original-width="1600" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFV6cpslIUxfCYiwyreBzmXMdX36Fkzy4fgne1y_4NyMdpL61L4tCfSgRfjykOIv1WJA9QQGqFoccDpncoDGZ02HN491oQQ0yJBk047D_79-ODa2vlWg3gK3sFmXxRY5V6fZHpUhNvFAhF/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_63.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmhq7j8uDOJIcVzfK8wn5fmHFHHXZyXnZLenKnDuflhm82AvALMVXZd_dvZNr06nEypG6LlFrM047JxJPwYa-Lv-1Z5B5SUR3yPyXADUgYn1bWpMTk4_R4gje-a0qJTyo_SmaSTb3iAQFQ/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_64.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1088" data-original-width="1600" height="217" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmhq7j8uDOJIcVzfK8wn5fmHFHHXZyXnZLenKnDuflhm82AvALMVXZd_dvZNr06nEypG6LlFrM047JxJPwYa-Lv-1Z5B5SUR3yPyXADUgYn1bWpMTk4_R4gje-a0qJTyo_SmaSTb3iAQFQ/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_64.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5rv_KSFuG6LXjuiML2tEXqoP_zggt4ieZcyD6ZPDftlDTP95DgCHeehGv71DeWwgyRUu-9Y4oyOGyaK3NuY1d0gY4SmLfrzKm7Nsd8k_dUKRzu8P8r072xqHkdax_LFzrTrYlbhU437TX/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_65.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5rv_KSFuG6LXjuiML2tEXqoP_zggt4ieZcyD6ZPDftlDTP95DgCHeehGv71DeWwgyRUu-9Y4oyOGyaK3NuY1d0gY4SmLfrzKm7Nsd8k_dUKRzu8P8r072xqHkdax_LFzrTrYlbhU437TX/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_65.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Around 10 am game time and it's not looking too grand for the allies in the centre.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjshh8KGTGeFTEmUf4Wwp9UOFhfuxL13_kOVHG_YKty5IEUXQ6hqGCE2K5PErwjya1LLexsv26e2IsUI-8kCgCp6RuM-cFqDV4qVwkVyZw4RITtZkAJvl7INy-eIwb7eZpcQNYSaiROKwHu/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_67.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjshh8KGTGeFTEmUf4Wwp9UOFhfuxL13_kOVHG_YKty5IEUXQ6hqGCE2K5PErwjya1LLexsv26e2IsUI-8kCgCp6RuM-cFqDV4qVwkVyZw4RITtZkAJvl7INy-eIwb7eZpcQNYSaiROKwHu/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_67.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM6tkTqPk5yuQk03aPVzB2b5AEZXjuN4v9VqYnnrZx61WeCKdxBuEfeaVLxwYagAjJ0iECUHOx0WGX130f_kUYgV-2urTMOVjSrD-IqPHAEoP0cmvMD6f0-gXjibr_FGVhmPbarB7tAh-p/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_66.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgM6tkTqPk5yuQk03aPVzB2b5AEZXjuN4v9VqYnnrZx61WeCKdxBuEfeaVLxwYagAjJ0iECUHOx0WGX130f_kUYgV-2urTMOVjSrD-IqPHAEoP0cmvMD6f0-gXjibr_FGVhmPbarB7tAh-p/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_66.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Looking south, with Liechtenstein's cavalry in the foreground.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7PEuT8isT8Tkypz87V1OJhMen2rHHxw3yNxTSPN8usAkKI6ZY4GkUN8ZyJ5VZzbjbvsP-HZBvFOHk8_dppYgnzGrh5Dx0p55ckb033izyG86J-sTNRY6KJc0nvL0N33nfpMCeWGyToy79/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_68.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1117" data-original-width="1600" height="223" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7PEuT8isT8Tkypz87V1OJhMen2rHHxw3yNxTSPN8usAkKI6ZY4GkUN8ZyJ5VZzbjbvsP-HZBvFOHk8_dppYgnzGrh5Dx0p55ckb033izyG86J-sTNRY6KJc0nvL0N33nfpMCeWGyToy79/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_68.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Not my greatest idea, I decided to lure the Russian dragoons to attack using my skirmishers.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkDwkN6TLP-ULYKnStU2sKPN79f5dMd6rypz-ISY48wR_67Q76EQ6stoADJ34p7PzRITMMtzKwdpp67DjfoMWiKj3aBQwhlpQmBmM-zoGwr_jqAdpu7eTfEahecDoUhezAHFwEJpTv3-nn/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_69.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1069" data-original-width="1600" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkDwkN6TLP-ULYKnStU2sKPN79f5dMd6rypz-ISY48wR_67Q76EQ6stoADJ34p7PzRITMMtzKwdpp67DjfoMWiKj3aBQwhlpQmBmM-zoGwr_jqAdpu7eTfEahecDoUhezAHFwEJpTv3-nn/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_69.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The latter were broken, but the dragoons were seen off by my closed columns.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3jOntgicnzyn-nmeCWCalUQDeGXL_aEFmhgpuTIXzK9wlZ_r9BuhXWkJfmqDVDOVhhm6AFlL6klH_iNw4B6oPbAYUd0rGg6K4i9VKMmue81FVQCPVKviow7OjxQ_STy9p55dpM4-1ei4O/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_70.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1166" data-original-width="1600" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3jOntgicnzyn-nmeCWCalUQDeGXL_aEFmhgpuTIXzK9wlZ_r9BuhXWkJfmqDVDOVhhm6AFlL6klH_iNw4B6oPbAYUd0rGg6K4i9VKMmue81FVQCPVKviow7OjxQ_STy9p55dpM4-1ei4O/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_70.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKGHjhHU7YkWeYyQPgUhNFonwq_a107X7XacF3K_7tQTw4CgMWUuQ8hNvSg9mQ02H0p3-XVKahhRrZfof_UuSy5N4yOBXUCa0gdRrZjzstn3dlauw7x6dvGWT0c0pWr7uPg7px-LVf2uPY/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_71.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1172" data-original-width="1600" height="234" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiKGHjhHU7YkWeYyQPgUhNFonwq_a107X7XacF3K_7tQTw4CgMWUuQ8hNvSg9mQ02H0p3-XVKahhRrZfof_UuSy5N4yOBXUCa0gdRrZjzstn3dlauw7x6dvGWT0c0pWr7uPg7px-LVf2uPY/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_71.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This allowed me to advance to the ridge. I thought that it was 'mission accomplished', so ended Friday feeling pretty chuffed.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxdX2bUANFWPjbrLT0l9VQzW7QFXmVnvu93weTUZhUPi2dxWIW-Gfbm1XmF-sObenPd1-Px69IWms2Ynq-54tKAANrLgRNBxLpqDVjUeBAg6t2VsSKfAsThC0tIWeOB3jliRHoLZ0xEa62/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_72.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1182" data-original-width="1600" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxdX2bUANFWPjbrLT0l9VQzW7QFXmVnvu93weTUZhUPi2dxWIW-Gfbm1XmF-sObenPd1-Px69IWms2Ynq-54tKAANrLgRNBxLpqDVjUeBAg6t2VsSKfAsThC0tIWeOB3jliRHoLZ0xEa62/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_72.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the south, Napoleon had sent Oudinot's grenadiers and the guard chasseurs to support the hard pressed Legrand (3rd division, detached from IV Corps).</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSYdjEjsjZc-Ov0As7OGPhUnF6XoFcW8_YuT-M1RDuCCzSO2PbKCuPdSwuh5QC-P-zneP1XegOfmeEne9RURpame4Ig2pnS2r_g8AHi3JSh88FDOX4cYJ1W8ViK8mI8R-ImXPV6tgDdAux/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_73.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSYdjEjsjZc-Ov0As7OGPhUnF6XoFcW8_YuT-M1RDuCCzSO2PbKCuPdSwuh5QC-P-zneP1XegOfmeEne9RURpame4Ig2pnS2r_g8AHi3JSh88FDOX4cYJ1W8ViK8mI8R-ImXPV6tgDdAux/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_73.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A close-up of Oudinot's men, beautifully painted by Darren.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi55lxqeuaSTQsTgpWlWDXrHoNpTdoJeX4R5FqtfYcnsxz2hX1wnnk7wlZvX8v5aVluWh26-IsQMy5_nJHp0niiNgq_iBqkIKSxeWxVakRBI2xy1DAZfs9QgBN39SFzUgEdE4g8gRfT6wEp/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_74.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="815" data-original-width="1600" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi55lxqeuaSTQsTgpWlWDXrHoNpTdoJeX4R5FqtfYcnsxz2hX1wnnk7wlZvX8v5aVluWh26-IsQMy5_nJHp0niiNgq_iBqkIKSxeWxVakRBI2xy1DAZfs9QgBN39SFzUgEdE4g8gRfT6wEp/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_74.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Davout had done brilliantly to establish his line and the south was stabilising for the French.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9jxP5rZtvSlYV0EKdrz593UbLn81QmutgUpk8b9L5iIsteVB6kAxkSe4jqZ9IZ7n3bzpxRCkMN38VJgBsH8Boz4bgEEQNwOWcrctEIpUrJeQs6KeCtyTEwebm_dv3zXsZou0vZfcg1i2O/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_75.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9jxP5rZtvSlYV0EKdrz593UbLn81QmutgUpk8b9L5iIsteVB6kAxkSe4jqZ9IZ7n3bzpxRCkMN38VJgBsH8Boz4bgEEQNwOWcrctEIpUrJeQs6KeCtyTEwebm_dv3zXsZou0vZfcg1i2O/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_75.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Reinforcements? Talk to the hand!</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The first full day of the game thus ended with the French seemingly in ascendency, or at least even, across the table. Lannes and Bagration were parrying one another in the north, Soult and Bernadotte, aided by part of Murat's cavalry, were making merry in the centre and a major allied attack in the south was being blunted.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The French players were therefore feeling quite pumped while the allied players were full of dread.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Game over? There were a few twists to come yet...</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8493556920707083758.post-23888605906829467242019-01-04T11:27:00.004+08:002019-01-04T11:27:51.679+08:003 500 km to Austerlitz no. 2: Part 2<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">From Murray Bridge </span>it was on to Mt Gambier for a 'rest and recharge' day (including producing the previous post) ahead of Round 2 of the sprinters.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">My great mate (second bro') and fellow speedway fan, Angus arrived so we took in some of Mt Gambier's sights</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTwm-NwrAajPaSAw40e5i0tGGSlebb5shdx8Bqfxs0fQ8NBrIgtzI1RW_v60lNsV5CsmHTy1v-KhGUt79un95EN6TM5O5vmyDDzdeySHgBT-TWVxWZtHSTtOMToeHT-Xi-bwF_aNK4Tcpd/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_12.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTwm-NwrAajPaSAw40e5i0tGGSlebb5shdx8Bqfxs0fQ8NBrIgtzI1RW_v60lNsV5CsmHTy1v-KhGUt79un95EN6TM5O5vmyDDzdeySHgBT-TWVxWZtHSTtOMToeHT-Xi-bwF_aNK4Tcpd/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_12.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Blue Lake, which was formed by super-heated steam blasting a hole in the crust and is the town's water supply.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAA1jh5bq-hUFqTcoxPQuWjyrbGFcRIDvW5TBwBPOrHkudGOlmuGX5E8Cod9e3tNnxDeLq8DxXFCyuzPZoTKzAg8_kXF6G1oQ042EQRFY6kb52h5ieEmnG2uDeCPkgUtJj4Agoo4t8w1iy/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_13.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiAA1jh5bq-hUFqTcoxPQuWjyrbGFcRIDvW5TBwBPOrHkudGOlmuGX5E8Cod9e3tNnxDeLq8DxXFCyuzPZoTKzAg8_kXF6G1oQ042EQRFY6kb52h5ieEmnG2uDeCPkgUtJj4Agoo4t8w1iy/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_13.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBZyyvdMCXqejhJpzceZOxgVLbe0EuHZXkHyBjdxBoy4zC99Od_u6oav8o0jRoprlCvrO8uU5dctxQjU2yzqN0dIFJWEbYLbNe6FIlDFr7Tm5bhMQD4LI3CYXWyslY8YMCPubthw0B-1lx/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_14.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBZyyvdMCXqejhJpzceZOxgVLbe0EuHZXkHyBjdxBoy4zC99Od_u6oav8o0jRoprlCvrO8uU5dctxQjU2yzqN0dIFJWEbYLbNe6FIlDFr7Tm5bhMQD4LI3CYXWyslY8YMCPubthw0B-1lx/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_14.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Adjacent Valley Lake is used for recreation.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0lqXKqDAmZAhPzf9gkQegjr8PWDQ7pvdycU3G7mgGUnP7AMcmSzB_yFqSAUHxf4BPmYkDDfSg5ffKlpGybTYxk-4FXUZVBkVDg7Dp6OqcOAbMQ4Mta9mZo5UUDA53eDK3jAqtfxrCSuRt/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_15.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="528" data-original-width="1237" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh0lqXKqDAmZAhPzf9gkQegjr8PWDQ7pvdycU3G7mgGUnP7AMcmSzB_yFqSAUHxf4BPmYkDDfSg5ffKlpGybTYxk-4FXUZVBkVDg7Dp6OqcOAbMQ4Mta9mZo5UUDA53eDK3jAqtfxrCSuRt/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_15.png" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The track at Mt Gambier is a picturesque, rural venue. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More exciting racing, but the fellas were going a bit hard, the resulting stoppages meant that the meeting went well into the night, finishing just after midnight.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcmm7rToTql5EHsXi9xi27gG-9U1YnJIDKWAVLACzISlvRf9vc_VfXlfV3EZWR5IRZ2Frfv-nuOe0FVdA0VJSLQQeSVpzWdGJ_VfChGlWOfyIGZ3NxofFpE_8i5EA0y8QJrouP9p3PNLEl/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_16.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1600" height="125" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcmm7rToTql5EHsXi9xi27gG-9U1YnJIDKWAVLACzISlvRf9vc_VfXlfV3EZWR5IRZ2Frfv-nuOe0FVdA0VJSLQQeSVpzWdGJ_VfChGlWOfyIGZ3NxofFpE_8i5EA0y8QJrouP9p3PNLEl/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_16.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Next night we were in Warrnambool, a well-organised venue, with great viewing from the terrace.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="529" data-original-width="1198" height="141" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvfg9QJqNxXElyLr-06Gq5euQdjCCti5hfYxRoMSgnJCIdRxI2fx6K3rS_VREw4aI5IV_giX56J4_dkGpc1XtmE9ymaoVvKVKC2OsXRG0n1MiwCMsDEm0vEbxi9azNlNGPJwXlKqC4XmzX/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_17.png" width="320" /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Fireworks together with the chequered flag of the A Main.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2YMo2hVLN1Lysrdx6q5AJzGcXbj32fLy5XDipCvTcB6bOvcLe1txY14KSKtzkk6cibrSwqb8amuqY8Ivsbfrdlg47nIkltDHNYuWiwdLnN8Y3_jDDMrjejqtWNWs8_NJnz9EDfa_5w_My/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_19.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2YMo2hVLN1Lysrdx6q5AJzGcXbj32fLy5XDipCvTcB6bOvcLe1txY14KSKtzkk6cibrSwqb8amuqY8Ivsbfrdlg47nIkltDHNYuWiwdLnN8Y3_jDDMrjejqtWNWs8_NJnz9EDfa_5w_My/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_19.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Angus found us a beaut spot near the coast to camp for the night.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnuDbl5tDElVCTYN8mj2-YzecEQqdUch0T5PLVzZ0a6SR2sP4vs7amdj9fNNhiAJyjvDTlEF6FNDxF-YvHcAbPpF0gEPU8YXIiuqWDQbU69O4kqUpaAXZVMqnqHCt9duUJk2vc5YIGKbfd/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_20.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnuDbl5tDElVCTYN8mj2-YzecEQqdUch0T5PLVzZ0a6SR2sP4vs7amdj9fNNhiAJyjvDTlEF6FNDxF-YvHcAbPpF0gEPU8YXIiuqWDQbU69O4kqUpaAXZVMqnqHCt9duUJk2vc5YIGKbfd/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_20.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Next it was off to Avalon raceway, near Melbourne. We arrived early enough for the open pit time, seeing the cars in final preparation...</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFGQ5btqSf4N1ehG8psRe9y5CGpqNAWy7YwufQaRDDk94GN7s9T6oG6rv5INb1TFA4uFSbxvMG5ncGI1J8tbrI3ptPuI4U5y5mwd8PVealN8CsyUrjTIWfdMxFtImRhALyHd-c5VFR67Rf/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_21.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFGQ5btqSf4N1ehG8psRe9y5CGpqNAWy7YwufQaRDDk94GN7s9T6oG6rv5INb1TFA4uFSbxvMG5ncGI1J8tbrI3ptPuI4U5y5mwd8PVealN8CsyUrjTIWfdMxFtImRhALyHd-c5VFR67Rf/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_21.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">James McFadden, who is looking for a hat-trick of titles.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY7kMnijDgE5NITVDjsD1DDsXBJS5gkvfMkssnwQHUnxPctBOeuaTRk9h-3X2mtuB7450U0s3d9NMd1RhUfJT2UUaw8J_lqVrDRCW4-f6Rv6aJ5_BevdqoWs0YrejkEfS20syhDN5bpDyG/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_22.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhY7kMnijDgE5NITVDjsD1DDsXBJS5gkvfMkssnwQHUnxPctBOeuaTRk9h-3X2mtuB7450U0s3d9NMd1RhUfJT2UUaw8J_lqVrDRCW4-f6Rv6aJ5_BevdqoWs0YrejkEfS20syhDN5bpDyG/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_22.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Freshly arrived from Oklahoma, delayed by snow, was NSW-born and now professional sprintcar driver based in Minnesota, Brooke Tatnell, who has won the title eight times since 1994. </span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvpMrkTAM6lfnRq1k87iNLNfe6rGOBPaRAsMtOgnmQetfNRkzbyM4RKSTy3lXLI7ZNCXTk69AQvlZTkxecG4Tr7hQWKMRtq8jaVzM2Hkh9PkJvQLOwyhRp0XfmIgjwGm1IkEVa9SmOt7px/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_23.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvpMrkTAM6lfnRq1k87iNLNfe6rGOBPaRAsMtOgnmQetfNRkzbyM4RKSTy3lXLI7ZNCXTk69AQvlZTkxecG4Tr7hQWKMRtq8jaVzM2Hkh9PkJvQLOwyhRp0XfmIgjwGm1IkEVa9SmOt7px/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_23.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The four previous meetings were great, but the A Main at Avalon was the most exciting of the lot, the cars in first five positions vying over 35 laps with only one stoppage.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIVU58H9rZKM1KfCq7opv0JeqnCe26az2yMKXQ3x5bHkOBLgpa1EXe_8TmYcyqociF-8NK1mlsh2SmF91sGhHIVopbC0fnbjoMENBDqgONb4kM43uKevheZlsT93Vw3YIS-hDFyUVECChF/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_24.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIVU58H9rZKM1KfCq7opv0JeqnCe26az2yMKXQ3x5bHkOBLgpa1EXe_8TmYcyqociF-8NK1mlsh2SmF91sGhHIVopbC0fnbjoMENBDqgONb4kM43uKevheZlsT93Vw3YIS-hDFyUVECChF/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_24.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHNKmmw0-3oxomIQZLvjxxoE4w4lji-Oaw5YExzZ_6N0_SCLb2dABIqR1gK234i2WbP_SdcYjMOG0jnY0Iu8Eo1kYaskf-ZVSfiMdnpaLrWZo0PsKoxQKDS_IwsfYCPjSFfsWeBz1ojqWR/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_25.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHNKmmw0-3oxomIQZLvjxxoE4w4lji-Oaw5YExzZ_6N0_SCLb2dABIqR1gK234i2WbP_SdcYjMOG0jnY0Iu8Eo1kYaskf-ZVSfiMdnpaLrWZo0PsKoxQKDS_IwsfYCPjSFfsWeBz1ojqWR/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_25.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixuy-Cj5hJ9wyT9cpJ5K_tvCaKRwneas1oblUh6GkwdDocuUGDrbZ3akt6yeLnV_mMZ6W-H6a62fBgRCsKShMyEB1KNUbLWwSK_H6ytSY0q0VI0jCTNQbA-I-02rF5y_yDW-UKmFo-nxtZ/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_26.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEixuy-Cj5hJ9wyT9cpJ5K_tvCaKRwneas1oblUh6GkwdDocuUGDrbZ3akt6yeLnV_mMZ6W-H6a62fBgRCsKShMyEB1KNUbLWwSK_H6ytSY0q0VI0jCTNQbA-I-02rF5y_yDW-UKmFo-nxtZ/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_26.jpg" width="240" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The victory went to Jamie Veal, popular Victorian-based driver and local hero.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">So ended the speedway phase of the trip.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After a few days with family in Melbourne, it was off to Drouin for Austerlitz II.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJiV7Qrhd7sUm3qsVZLsKS0QMgGHWBl5Q6i4FveSNesDvh3SgoNn5kbB_M0zjkUt0JWxXoaPdBsjLwAy9S1zMX1MhKCIOzWgswZmoxTHPEqEkPtZuMW7TcdB0NrAb4PWLWYZLLxANyo_f2/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_27.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJiV7Qrhd7sUm3qsVZLsKS0QMgGHWBl5Q6i4FveSNesDvh3SgoNn5kbB_M0zjkUt0JWxXoaPdBsjLwAy9S1zMX1MhKCIOzWgswZmoxTHPEqEkPtZuMW7TcdB0NrAb4PWLWYZLLxANyo_f2/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_27.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Magnificent to be back in the country, which is still green in mid-summer; a great contrast from home.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMlB8e9bxH8srKvM5y1k3aS-23PNorSAtLQ0pyFjk5T8BhsR0OJFep_w_4LJcAhoHYDZouexe35-LjkG6BEw-6D5zXJC5NIIwFATsD7weVzv0Y2v1tHWYJpvoUTURJ0HizbSrAHDFJDzdU/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_28.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMlB8e9bxH8srKvM5y1k3aS-23PNorSAtLQ0pyFjk5T8BhsR0OJFep_w_4LJcAhoHYDZouexe35-LjkG6BEw-6D5zXJC5NIIwFATsD7weVzv0Y2v1tHWYJpvoUTURJ0HizbSrAHDFJDzdU/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_28.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3lIeLTZDWa3OUbDXI9mg2hwn7fy7Bd31dh5FC9HGIBi74Hfr-iTSrKtcniodDahv1BPCr8X5ovojjh9JWZ_gVn_ozM52_bRIQ34c1AJ4eVd9FkfLXVP-FJcw7N2Uig_jGB0lX_WixDND7/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_29.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh3lIeLTZDWa3OUbDXI9mg2hwn7fy7Bd31dh5FC9HGIBi74Hfr-iTSrKtcniodDahv1BPCr8X5ovojjh9JWZ_gVn_ozM52_bRIQ34c1AJ4eVd9FkfLXVP-FJcw7N2Uig_jGB0lX_WixDND7/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_29.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The friendly King Parrots, encouraged by Tim over the years, came to join us on the deck.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOmS-FQKY1AcanDJZgDlLkazkpblY-jyxwWXFPHyI2C5hMe5ykwNTLi_vbu1MFldIGwCT6TqRYiDaDHJGhgA79XnV38Z4_FBdQbC6IYZH64NMf_DimSYSw_8waSW7mZRiElWhfdLbQaLXC/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_30.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1029" data-original-width="1600" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOmS-FQKY1AcanDJZgDlLkazkpblY-jyxwWXFPHyI2C5hMe5ykwNTLi_vbu1MFldIGwCT6TqRYiDaDHJGhgA79XnV38Z4_FBdQbC6IYZH64NMf_DimSYSw_8waSW7mZRiElWhfdLbQaLXC/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_30.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the shed, the fog covered the low-lying areas of the battlefield.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFjL3ypyJqWgQKaR6BlV99KzD4-LMADqrZyvIy7cws_Pr28pt-oZYE-jGM-EXxRY_qUDE1pTLiAq8uVSt14KddFhmh62Gn4wdtLkUrGSFo7CjI_Ng-YocNRj_vhQPZHr2qdmcvFuLTj9mp/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_31.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="835" data-original-width="1600" height="166" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFjL3ypyJqWgQKaR6BlV99KzD4-LMADqrZyvIy7cws_Pr28pt-oZYE-jGM-EXxRY_qUDE1pTLiAq8uVSt14KddFhmh62Gn4wdtLkUrGSFo7CjI_Ng-YocNRj_vhQPZHr2qdmcvFuLTj9mp/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_31.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For this version of the battle, both sides had historical set-up, but free reign concerning initial orders.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn-UDXkkfPgKJHlFXWn24zaauQt03eEAp9WjMuRZiQAmD3u_yZzy7g5mWbuaE8fk-ju5PPvo6tGHQAntmuofw3_Mz__w2K4aBhafjlQZbHjmN5kxa-j_oqNJJIBb7WmLzErQUqf5K-w1R8/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_32.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjn-UDXkkfPgKJHlFXWn24zaauQt03eEAp9WjMuRZiQAmD3u_yZzy7g5mWbuaE8fk-ju5PPvo6tGHQAntmuofw3_Mz__w2K4aBhafjlQZbHjmN5kxa-j_oqNJJIBb7WmLzErQUqf5K-w1R8/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_32.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Buxhowden's wing, Langeron and Ducturov headed into the white unknown...</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBbFz9VOw4Mhwqc55nETi55fSVuDWuz4RWaSM6A7OW3D2Bat7QONMEryWzwfsY95ka0cFD8fE_qteG1nZHBTGOVMb6IAhpyaKTvyxtLMZh_YjuKR3dhwZl6u03vaz-rD0nxfyGFxagpY4v/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_33.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1142" data-original-width="1600" height="228" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBbFz9VOw4Mhwqc55nETi55fSVuDWuz4RWaSM6A7OW3D2Bat7QONMEryWzwfsY95ka0cFD8fE_qteG1nZHBTGOVMb6IAhpyaKTvyxtLMZh_YjuKR3dhwZl6u03vaz-rD0nxfyGFxagpY4v/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_33.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDja_-NEtvH9fl_fJhSpWQFqhaHmiFUF9lKLI1qOu93_TqhyoPGMAUJlzAzSHgOsQSmCiNkvopzUQMCyaV8f4Q64jxFQR4kPdwvXLotfKXyiHiYH5WnhmNy2sjMIrQJKaekgbR5COtlTLv/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_34.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1512" data-original-width="1600" height="302" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDja_-NEtvH9fl_fJhSpWQFqhaHmiFUF9lKLI1qOu93_TqhyoPGMAUJlzAzSHgOsQSmCiNkvopzUQMCyaV8f4Q64jxFQR4kPdwvXLotfKXyiHiYH5WnhmNy2sjMIrQJKaekgbR5COtlTLv/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_34.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The fog lifted, the Emperor waved his hat, sending his marshals to their commands.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The allies...</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRVNuphlonYYhHo0yb2IHzjxYimV0fGeYAxXHjGgc0U2qIloJfuxTUWyxS85y0CDJK3IJeX7pc0m8RtnNeRtZJ0lX4e5H3lfMUp4AjyIVwDl2Z5-sKP8eRnVRJQjLwPALShv0A9nnCznDX/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_35.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRVNuphlonYYhHo0yb2IHzjxYimV0fGeYAxXHjGgc0U2qIloJfuxTUWyxS85y0CDJK3IJeX7pc0m8RtnNeRtZJ0lX4e5H3lfMUp4AjyIVwDl2Z5-sKP8eRnVRJQjLwPALShv0A9nnCznDX/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_35.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn-0HK1L6kpB_ccsE0YqUDAUmLzdW4Xla9iEeNnOfGhqnmkDFAS9KN08iccj-PdIPgJgLkuCCLaOdaeIsu0EwHyBT313Z0fgKHrBivtQZ1dpcrO3kFxX0PypExB3HVZP2unc95a6deBsWp/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_36.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1038" data-original-width="1600" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn-0HK1L6kpB_ccsE0YqUDAUmLzdW4Xla9iEeNnOfGhqnmkDFAS9KN08iccj-PdIPgJgLkuCCLaOdaeIsu0EwHyBT313Z0fgKHrBivtQZ1dpcrO3kFxX0PypExB3HVZP2unc95a6deBsWp/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_36.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj7bnOuOmzr31dsq7vPKNvB3VH_9rSwD7_EsMIted_lRshJd9UQTBDqfrhky1g0aR5rjHOYb_T9Bzc4fRLtNP14tBf0jL5-HzzwWEuxFD5uq_cKlet1wfN8SwvGQmTOR_OoTSgHwgJYmoz/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_37.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgj7bnOuOmzr31dsq7vPKNvB3VH_9rSwD7_EsMIted_lRshJd9UQTBDqfrhky1g0aR5rjHOYb_T9Bzc4fRLtNP14tBf0jL5-HzzwWEuxFD5uq_cKlet1wfN8SwvGQmTOR_OoTSgHwgJYmoz/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_37.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></div>
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... <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">advanced to a defensive line in the centre, attacking in the north and south.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2tj35Oxy_FIzDDrdd3SmLlIOBPyfkFkxcIp7yYi8hkpNmPGgg09fxmzon5rO2eI64Ik9hYhs5JCLNlJI4-ms9urpEtFzpwEuNc2P3gvtDldEjRq6v8-46qymv6Kn0oS8RtBVASYNBorcy/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_38.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2tj35Oxy_FIzDDrdd3SmLlIOBPyfkFkxcIp7yYi8hkpNmPGgg09fxmzon5rO2eI64Ik9hYhs5JCLNlJI4-ms9urpEtFzpwEuNc2P3gvtDldEjRq6v8-46qymv6Kn0oS8RtBVASYNBorcy/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_38.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The fog lifted, producing some surprises.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHTyNBnfpyPksOowWjBTOc-C8dK2-Yn-HhV9k_ep61ngioYAwvTzSE1kvMGtcP230FAkKmmpzOFLA5CpnC34576ufHFVSnyxbsmOoS6HwLfkWej4to6rj9DriPRSKfefwJvmi2GyAMyp3M/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_39.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgHTyNBnfpyPksOowWjBTOc-C8dK2-Yn-HhV9k_ep61ngioYAwvTzSE1kvMGtcP230FAkKmmpzOFLA5CpnC34576ufHFVSnyxbsmOoS6HwLfkWej4to6rj9DriPRSKfefwJvmi2GyAMyp3M/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_39.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the centre, Bernadotte's I Corps (my command) supported Soult's IV Corps, with Murat's heavy cavalry in support of both.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5eoSAMXqrrq9zKpjShcik8QtM1EgyZAshCvj919oEBcJwbkC_tYndnKpcFMMtBIpVvVstSDN1Ss6HvMtJneSLO8f48d7IuhkmkbbRxFHECw36amEKQ5F-ApaX3m3UpfF3QOWdQZoq5PUS/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_40.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi5eoSAMXqrrq9zKpjShcik8QtM1EgyZAshCvj919oEBcJwbkC_tYndnKpcFMMtBIpVvVstSDN1Ss6HvMtJneSLO8f48d7IuhkmkbbRxFHECw36amEKQ5F-ApaX3m3UpfF3QOWdQZoq5PUS/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_40.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Looking north Lannes came head to head with Bagration.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX4AQvA8LSKstlwjxBJkqtdeu3YWzsKU-2Zhex1KfrYK-rCaKNwPEPdZMF1u3huATZ6Bb9LdXO3ioksvw52gfUEfTW6x8kV-KxhXIKrOCn2jhHjVVJA10y2gB1T4PKo-U2touPhtM1ljAz/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_41.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1026" data-original-width="1600" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjX4AQvA8LSKstlwjxBJkqtdeu3YWzsKU-2Zhex1KfrYK-rCaKNwPEPdZMF1u3huATZ6Bb9LdXO3ioksvw52gfUEfTW6x8kV-KxhXIKrOCn2jhHjVVJA10y2gB1T4PKo-U2touPhtM1ljAz/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_41.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Looking south, the masses of Buxhowden's wing were opposed only by a division of Soult; until Davout arrived.</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio592EMOGlSOMQEvVLe_vQZ_8UuZDBHjk7Dpa43531fDeWaGmRp1Wyrd3YkWdgQ23XXOJusBvjiYyx4RNBrkrACE6vDtaxtKwLsAmq1Hg4ghkd1QF2J6nFgV2NPEPmbUmRtq07OvuMxeZX/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_42.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEio592EMOGlSOMQEvVLe_vQZ_8UuZDBHjk7Dpa43531fDeWaGmRp1Wyrd3YkWdgQ23XXOJusBvjiYyx4RNBrkrACE6vDtaxtKwLsAmq1Hg4ghkd1QF2J6nFgV2NPEPmbUmRtq07OvuMxeZX/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_42.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgk7nMvVlg32VsMADCG-jc3XLpn5Yksl4TjAEMO_5UJ-xRCDhYurPraKvV84R3wtaVBPja8-1C2_0qtpnxU8BeACac7-nI8eOWQVhV4MHli24IXfXqnWlaDpdU1S480pUGYPzmJ71rm6k4/s1600/3500kmAusterlitz2_43.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgk7nMvVlg32VsMADCG-jc3XLpn5Yksl4TjAEMO_5UJ-xRCDhYurPraKvV84R3wtaVBPja8-1C2_0qtpnxU8BeACac7-nI8eOWQVhV4MHli24IXfXqnWlaDpdU1S480pUGYPzmJ71rm6k4/s320/3500kmAusterlitz2_43.jpg" width="320" /></span></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Langeron was busily engaged with peasants, I mean pheasants, in the pheasantry.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That's where we left the game last night. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Today it is hotting up, on and off the table.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Off the table a cyclone off the Queensland coast is sending down hot air, bringing the forecast max. to 40ºC before a cold front coming from the west that will deliver showers and a drop to a mere 20ºC tomorrow (I'll be searching for 'me' thermals)! On the table Lannes is strongly engaged in the north, Davout in the south and Soult, Murat and Bernadotte are driving for the centre.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">More on that in the next instalment.</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6